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{{Short description|Topologically insulating chemical compound |
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| verifiedrevid = 438766587 |
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| Name = Mercury telluride |
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| Name = Mercury telluride |
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| ImageFile = Sphalerite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageFile = Mercury-telluride-unit-cell-3D-balls.png |
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| IUPACName = |
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| IUPACName = |
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| SystematicName = Mercury telluride |
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| SystematicName = Mercury telluride |
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| OtherNames = Mercuric telluride, mercury(II) telluride |
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| OtherNames = Mercuric telluride, mercury(II) telluride |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| Abbreviations = |
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| Abbreviations = |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 12068-90-5 |
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| CASNo = 12068-90-5 |
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| EINECS = |
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| EINECS = 235-108-9 |
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| EINECSCASNO = |
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| PubChem = 82914 |
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| PubChem = |
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| SMILES = = |
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| InChI = 1S/Hg.Te |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = HgTe |
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| Formula = HgTe |
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| MolarMass = 329.18 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 328.19 g/mol |
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| Appearance = near black cubic crystals |
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| Appearance = near black cubic crystals |
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| Density = 8.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 8.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| MeltingPt = |
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| Melting_notes = 670°C |
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| MeltingPt_notes = 670°C |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = ], ] |
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| CrystalStruct = ], ] |
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| SpaceGroup = F-43m, No. 216 |
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| SpaceGroup = F{{overline|4}}3m, No. 216 |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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'''Mercury telluride''' (HgTe) is a binary chemical compound of ] and ]. It is a ] related to the II-VI group of ] materials. Alternative names are mercuric telluride and mercury(II) telluride. |
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'''Mercury telluride''' (HgTe) is a binary chemical compound of ] and ]. It is a ] related to the II-VI group of ] materials. Alternative names are mercuric telluride and mercury(II) telluride. |
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HgTe occurs in nature as the mineral form ]. |
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HgTe occurs in nature as the mineral form ].<!-- |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan=2 align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | '''Electronic''' |
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| ] at 300 K || −0.01 ] |
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| ] ] || 0.002 ''m''<sub>e</sub> |
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| ] ] || 0.002 ''m''<sub>e</sub> |
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| ] ] || 0.6 ''m''<sub>e</sub> |
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| ] at 300 K || 15000 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V·s) |
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| ] at 300 K || 8000 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V·s) |
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--> |
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==Physical properties== |
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<!-- <th colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD">'''Electronic'''</th> |
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All properties are at standard temperature and pressure unless stated otherwise. The lattice parameter is about 0.646 nm in the cubic crystalline form. The bulk modulus is about 42.1 GPa. The thermal expansion coefficient is about 5.2×10<sup>−6</sup>/K. Static dielectric constant 20.8, dynamic dielectric constant 15.1. ] is low at 2.7 W·m<sup>2</sup>/(m·K). HgTe bonds are weak leading to low hardness values. Hardness 2.7×10<sup>7</sup> kg/m<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/><ref name=r3/> |
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<td>] at 300 K</td><td>−0.01 ]</td></tr> |
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<td>] ]</td><td>0.002 ''m''<sub>e</sub></td></tr> |
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<td>] ]</td><td>0.002 ''m''<sub>e</sub></td></tr> |
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<td>] ]</td><td>0.6 ''m''<sub>e</sub></td></tr> |
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<td>] at 300 K</td><td>15000 cm²/(V·s)</td></tr> |
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<td>] at 300 K</td><td>8000 cm²/(V·s)</td></tr> --> |
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==Properties== |
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All properties are at standard temperature and pressure unless stated otherwise. The lattice parameter is about 0.646 nm in the cubic crystalline form. The bulk modulus is about 42.1 GPa. The thermal expansion coefficient is about 5.2×10<sup>−6</sup>/K. Static dielectric constant 20.8, dynamic dielectric constant 15.1. Thermal conductivity is low at 2.7W·m<sup>2</sup>/m·K. HgTe bonds are weak leading to low hardness values. Hardness 2.7×10<sup>7</sup> kg/m<sup>2</sup>. |
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===Doping=== |
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===Doping=== |
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n-type doping can be achieved with elements such as ], ], ], or ]. Iodine and iron will also dope n-type. HgTe is naturally p-type due to mercury vacancies. P-type doping is also achieved by introducing zinc, copper, silver, or gold. |
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N-type doping can be achieved with elements such as ], ], ], or ]. Iodine and iron will also dope n-type. HgTe is naturally p-type due to mercury vacancies. P-type doping is also achieved by introducing zinc, copper, silver, or gold.<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/> |
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===Topological insulation=== |
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{{Main|Topological insulator}} |
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], combined with an image simulation (left).<ref name=ExtremeNanowire>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/nn5023632 |pmid=25163005 |title=Raman Spectroscopy of Optical Transitions and Vibrational Energies of ~1 nm HgTe Extreme Nanowires within Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes |journal=ACS Nano |volume=8|issue=9 |pages=9044–52 |year=2014 |last1=Spencer |first1=Joseph |last2=Nesbitt |first2=John |last3=Trewhitt |first3=Harrison |last4=Kashtiban |first4=Reza |last5=Bell |first5=Gavin |last6=Ivanov |first6=Victor |last7=Faulques |first7=Eric |last8=Smith |first8=David|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/401309/1/HgTe%2540SWNT_ACSNano_Final.pdf }}</ref>]] |
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Mercury telluride was the first ] discovered, in 2007. Topological insulators cannot support an ] in the bulk, but ] can serve as ]s.<ref name=quant/> |
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==Chemistry == |
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==Chemistry == |
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HgTe bonds are weak. Their ], around −32kJ/mol, is less than a third of the value for the related compound cadmium telluride. HgTe is easily etched by acids, such as ]. |
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HgTe bonds are weak. Their ], around −32kJ/mol, is less than a third of the value for the related compound cadmium telluride. HgTe is easily etched by acids, such as ].<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/> |
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==Growth== |
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==Growth== |
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Bulk growth is from a mercury and tellurium melt in the presence of a high mercury vapour pressure. HgTe can also be grown epitaxially, for example, by sputtering or by ]. |
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Bulk growth is from a mercury and tellurium melt in the presence of a high mercury vapour pressure. HgTe can also be grown epitaxially, for example, by sputtering or by ].<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/> |
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Nanoparticles of mercury telluride can be obtained via cation exchange from cadmium telluride nanoplatelets.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Izquierdo |first1=Eva |last2=Robin |first2=Adrien |last3=Keuleyan |first3=Sean |last4=Lequeux |first4=Nicolas |last5=Lhuillier |first5=Emmanuel |last6=Ithurria |first6=Sandrine |date=2016-08-12 |title=Strongly Confined HgTe 2D Nanoplatelets as Narrow Near-Infrared Emitters |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jacs.6b04429 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=138 |issue=33 |pages=10496–10501 |doi=10.1021/jacs.6b04429 |pmid=27487074 |issn=0002-7863}}</ref> |
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==Unique physical properties== |
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Recently it was shown both theoretically and experimentally, that mercury-telluride quantum well shows a unique new state of matter—the "]". In this phase, while the bulk is an insulator, current can be carried by electronic states confined close to the sample edges. Unlike the ], here no magnetic field is required to create this unique behavior. In addition, oppositely directed edge states carry opposite spin projections. |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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===Related compounds=== |
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* ] |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|refs= |
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* Properties of mercury cadmium telluride, Ed. J. Brice and P. Capper, EMIS datareview, (INSPEC, IEE, London, UK, 1987). |
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<ref name=r1>Brice, J. and Capper, P. (eds.) (1987) ''Properties of mercury cadmium telluride'', EMIS datareview, INSPEC, IEE, London, UK.</ref> |
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* Properties of Narrow-Gap Cadmium-Based Compounds Ed. P. Capper (INSPEC, IEE, London, UK, 1994) ISBN 0-85296-880-9 |
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<ref name=r2>Capper, P. (ed.) (1994) ''Properties of Narrow-Gap Cadmium-Based Compounds''. INSPEC, IEE, London, UK. {{ISBN|0-85296-880-9}}</ref> |
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* Tellurium and Tellurides, D. M. Chizhikov and V. P. Shchastlivyi, 1966, Nauka Publishing, Moscow |
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* Mercury selenide stoichiometry and phase relations in the mercury-selenium system, N. Z. Boctor and G. Kullerud, Journal of Solid State Chemistry Vol. 62, pp. 177–183 (1986) {{doi|10.1016/0022-4596(86)90229-X}} |
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<ref name=r3>{{cite journal|title=Mercury selenide stoichiometry and phase relations in the mercury-selenium system|journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry|volume=62|issue=2|pages=177|doi=10.1016/0022-4596(86)90229-X|year=1986|last1=Boctor|first1=N.Z.|last2=Kullerud|first2=G.|bibcode=1986JSSCh..62..177B}}</ref> |
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<ref name=quant>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1126/science.1148047 | volume = 318 | issue = 5851 | pages = 766–770 | pmid = 17885096 | title = Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells | journal = Science | date = 2007 |arxiv = 0710.0582 |bibcode = 2007Sci...318..766K | last1 = König | first1 = M | last2 = Wiedmann | first2 = S | last3 = Brüne | first3 = C | last4 = Roth | first4 = A | last5 = Buhmann | first5 = H | last6 = Molenkamp | first6 = L. W. | last7 = Qi | first7 = X. L. | last8 = Zhang | first8 = S. C. | s2cid = 8836690 }}</ref> |
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* Total-energy study of the equation of state of HgTe and HgSe, Z. W. Lu, David Singh, and Henry Krakauer, Phys. Rev. B vol. 39, pp. 10154 (1989). |
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* Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells, M. Konig et al., Science 318 766 (2007). |
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==External links== |
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==External links== |
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* at Germany's Chemistry Information Centre, Berlin |
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* {{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at Germany's Chemistry Information Centre, Berlin |
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{{Mercury compounds}} |
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{{Mercury compounds}} |
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{{Tellurides}} |
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