| Revision as of 13:37, 6 December 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,084 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 429794586 of page Samarium(III)_chloride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: ''). |
Latest revision as of 11:28, 3 January 2024 edit Praseodymium-141 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers22,377 edits removed Category:Samarium compounds using HotCat |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 402668068 |
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| ImageFile = Samarium(III) chloride hexahydrate.jpg |
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| verifiedrevid = 464386772 |
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| ImageName= Samarium(III)_chloride_hexahydrate |
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| ImageFile1 = Samarium(III) chloride hexahydrate.jpg |
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| ImageFileL1 = UCl3.png |
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| ImageName1 = Samarium(III)_chloride_hexahydrate |
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| ImageFileR1 = Cerium bromide (space filling) 2.png |
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| ImageFile2 = UCl3 without caption.png |
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| IUPACName = Samarium(III) chloride |
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| IUPACName = samarium(III) chloride |
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| OtherNames = |
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| OtherNames = samarium trichloride<br/>trichlorosamarium |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 55428 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 55428 |
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| EC_number = 233-797-0 |
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| InChI = 1/3ClH.Sm/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 |
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| InChI = 1/3ClH.Sm/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 |
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| InChIKey = BHXBZLPMVFUQBQ-DFZHHIFOAZ |
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| InChIKey = BHXBZLPMVFUQBQ-DFZHHIFOAZ |
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| SMILES = Cl(Cl)Cl |
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| SMILES = Cl(Cl)Cl |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 5J4QGH7J16 |
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| UNII1_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII1 = 9874IU4M1V |
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| UNII1_Comment = (hexahydrate) |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/3ClH.Sm/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 |
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| StdInChI = 1S/3ClH.Sm/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 |
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| StdInChIKey = BHXBZLPMVFUQBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| StdInChIKey = BHXBZLPMVFUQBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| CASNo = 10361-82-7 |
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| CASNo = 10361-82-7 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Comment = (anhydrous) |
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| CASNo_Comment = (anhydrous) |
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| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo1 = 13465-55-9 |
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| CASNo1_Comment = (hexahydrate) |
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| CASNo1 = 13465-55-9 |
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| CASNo1_Comment = (hexahydrate) |
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| PubChem = |
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| PubChem = 10131313 |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = SmCl<sub>3</sub> |
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| Formula = SmCl<sub>3</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 256.76 g/mol (anhydrous)<br> 364.80 g/mol (hexa]) |
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| MolarMass = 256.76 g/mol (anhydrous)<br> 364.80 g/mol (hexa]) |
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| Appearance = pale yellow solid (anhydrous) |
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| Appearance = pale yellow solid (anhydrous) |
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cream-coloured solid (hexahydrate) |
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cream-coloured solid (hexahydrate) |
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| Density = 4.46 ]/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous) |
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| Density = 4.46 ]/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous) |
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2.383 ]/cm<sup>3</sup> (hexahydrate) |
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2.383 ]/cm<sup>3</sup> (hexahydrate) |
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| MeltingPt = 682 °C |
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| MeltingPtC = 682 |
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| BoilingPt = decomposes |
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| BoilingPt = decomposes |
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| Solubility = 92.4 ]/100 ] (10 °]) |
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| Solubility = 92.4 ]/100 ] (10 °]) |
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}} |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = ], ] |
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| CrystalStruct = ], ] |
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| SpaceGroup = P6<sub>3</sub>/m, No. 176 |
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| SpaceGroup = P6<sub>3</sub>/m, No. 176 |
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| Coordination = Tricapped trigonal prismatic<br />(nine-coordinate) |
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| Coordination = Tricapped trigonal prismatic<br />(nine-coordinate) |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards = Irritant |
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| MainHazards = Irritant |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}} |
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| FlashPt = |
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| GHSSignalWord = Warning |
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| Autoignition = |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|264|280|302+352|305+351+338|321|332+313|337+313|362}} |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>] |
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| OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>] |
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}} |
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'''Samarium(III) chloride''', also known as samarium trichloride, is an ] of ] and ]. It is a pale yellow salt that rapidly absorbs water to form a hexa], SmCl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>6H<sub>2</sub>O.<ref name = edelmann>{{cite book | author = F. T. Edelmann, P. Poremba | title = Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry | editor = W. A. Herrmann | volume = 6 | publisher = Georg Thieme Verlag | location = Stuttgart | year = 1997}}</ref> The compound has few practical applications but is used in laboratories for research on new compounds of samarium. |
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==Structure== |
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Like several related chlorides of the lanthanides and actinides, SmCl<sub>3</sub> crystallises in the UCl<sub>3</sub> motif. The Sm<sup>3+</sup> centres are nine-coordinate, occupying trigonal prismatic sites with additional chloride ligands occupying the three square faces. |
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== Preparation and reactions== |
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SmCl<sub>3</sub> is prepared by the "]" route, which involves the initial synthesis of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. This material can be prepared from the common starting materials at reaction temperatures of 230 °C from ]:<ref>{{cite book| last =Meyer| first =G.| title =The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides-The Example of YCl<sub>3</sub>| chapter =The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides—The Example of Ycl <sub>3</sub>| series =Inorganic Syntheses| volume =25| year =1989| pages =146–150| doi =10.1002/9780470132562.ch35| isbn =978-0-470-13256-2}}</ref> |
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::10 NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> → 2 (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 6 NH<sub>3</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O |
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The pentachloride is then heated to 350-400 °C resulting in evolution of ammonium chloride and leaving a residue of the anhydrous trichloride: |
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:: (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> → 2 NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + SmCl<sub>3</sub> |
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It can also be prepared from ] metal and ].<ref name = corbett1>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1021/ja01472a010 | author = L. F. Druding, J. D. Corbett | title =Lower Oxidation States of the Lanthanides. Neodymium(II) Chloride and Iodide | journal = ] | volume = 83 | pages = 2462–2467 | year = 1961 | issue = 11}}</ref><ref name = corbett2>{{cite journal | author = J. D. Corbett | title =Reduced Halides of the Rare Earth Elements | journal = ] | volume = 10 | pages = 239 | year = 1973}}</ref> |
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:2 Sm + 6 HCl → 2 SmCl<sub>3</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub> |
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Aqueous solutions of samarium(III) chloride can be prepared by dissolving metallic ] or samarium carbonate in ]. |
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Samarium(III) chloride is a moderately strong ], which ranks as "hard" according to the ]. Aqueous solutions of samarium chloride can be used to prepare ]: |
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:SmCl<sub>3</sub> + 3 KF → SmF<sub>3</sub> + 3 KCl |
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== Uses == |
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Samarium(III) chloride is used for the preparation of ] metal, which has a variety of uses, notably in ]s. Anhydrous SmCl<sub>3</sub> is mixed with ] or ] to give a low ] eutectic mixture. ] of this molten salt solution gives the free ].<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st}}</ref> |
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===In laboratory=== |
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Samarium(III) chloride can also be used as a starting point for the preparation of other ] ]s. The anhydrous ] is used to prepare ] compounds of samarium, such as bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)alkylsamarium(III) complexes.<ref>{{cite book | author = G. A. Molander, E. D. Dowdy | editor = Shu Kobayashi | title = Lanthanides: Chemistry and Use in Organic Synthesis| url = https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-3-540-69801-9 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | year = 1999 | pages = –154 | isbn = 3-540-64526-8}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Samarium compounds}} |
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{{Chlorides}} |
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{{Lanthanide halides}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |