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Revision as of 13:52, 6 December 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,074 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 453469673 of page Selenic_acid for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo').  Latest revision as of 19:48, 4 December 2023 edit Praseodymium-141 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers22,377 editsNo edit summaryTag: 2017 wikitext editor 
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{{Chembox
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
| Verifiedfields = changed
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 444100968 | verifiedrevid = 464388479
| Name Selenic acid | Name = Selenic acid
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile = Selenic-acid-2D.png | ImageFileL1 = Selenic-acid-2D.png
<!-- | ImageSize = 130px -->
| ImageName = Selenic acid | ImageNameL1 = Structural formula of selenic acid
| ImageFile1 = Selenic-acid-3D-vdW.png | ImageFileR1 = Selenic-acid-3D-vdW.png
| ImageNameR1 = Space-filling model of selenic acid
<!-- | ImageSize1 = 130px -->
| ImageName1 = Selenic acid | ImageFile2 = Selenic acid crystals.png
| IUPACName = Selenic(VI) acid | IUPACName = Selenic(VI) acid
| OtherNames = Selenic acid | OtherNames = Selenic acid
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 7783-08-6
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 18170 | ChEBI = 18170
⚫ | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ | SMILES = O=(=O)(O)O
| PubChem = 1089 | ChemSpiderID = 1058
| EINECS = 231-979-4
| PubChem = 1089
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C05697 | KEGG = C05697
| UNNumber = 1905
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = HV0Y51NC4J
⚫ | RTECS = VS6575000
| InChI = 1/H2O4Se/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4) | InChI = 1/H2O4Se/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)
| InChIKey = QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYAI | InChIKey = QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYAI
Line 25: Line 33:
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey = QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
⚫ | SMILES = O()()O
| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 7783-08-6 -->
⚫ | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 1058
⚫ | RTECS = VS6575000
}} }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem|H|2|SeO|4}} | Formula = {{chem2|H2SeO4}}
| MolarMass = 144.9734 g/mol | MolarMass = 144.9734 g/mol
| Appearance = Colorless deliquescent crystals | Appearance = Colorless deliquescent crystals
| Density = 2.95 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid | Density = 2.95 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid
| Solubility = 130 g/100 mL (30 °C) | Solubility = 130 g/(100 mL) (30 °C)
| MeltingPt = 58 °C (331 K) | MeltingPtC = 58
| BoilingPtC = 260
| BoilingPt = 260 °C (533 K) (decomposes)
| BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| pKa = similar to {{chem|H|2|SO|4}}
| ConjugateBase = ]
⚫ | RefractIndex = 1.5174 (D-line, 20 °C)
| pKa = p''K''<sub>a1</sub> = −3<br>p''K''<sub>a2</sub> = 1.9<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30dGrYYa-zkC&dq=%22selenic+acid%22+pka&pg=PA66 | title=Dynamics and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in the Rootzone| isbn=9781439826232| last1=Magdi Selim| first1=H.| date=2011-03-15| publisher=CRC Press}}</ref>
}}
⚫ | RefractIndex = 1.5174 (D-line, 20 °C)
| MagSus = &minus;51.2·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = tetrahedral at Se | MolShape = tetrahedral at Se
| CrystalStruct = | CrystalStruct =
| Dipole = | Dipole =
}} }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = | ExternalSDS =
| MainHazards = Corrosive, highly toxic | MainHazards = Corrosive, highly toxic
| NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-R = 2 | Other=OX | NFPA-R = 2
| NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-S = OX
| RPhrases = 23/25-33-50/53
| GHS_ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Selenic acid |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1089#section=Safety-and-Hazards |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=16 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| SPhrases = 20/21-28-45-60-61
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|315|318|331|373|410}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|261|264|270|271|273|280|301+310|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|310|311|314|321|330|332+313|362|391|403+233|405|501}}
}} }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related | Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = ] <br>]<br> ] | OtherAnions = ]<br/>]
| OtherCations = ] | OtherCations = ]<br/>]
| OtherCpds = ]<br /> ]<br/>]<br />] | OtherCompounds = {{ubl|]|]|]|]}}
}} }}
}} }}

'''Selenic acid''' is the ] with the ] {{chem2|H2SeO4}}. It is an ] of ], and its structure is more accurately described as {{chem2|O2Se(OH)2}}. It is a colorless compound. Although it has few uses, one of its salts, ] is used in the production of glass and animal feeds.<ref name=Ullmann>Bernd E. Langner "Selenium and Selenium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a23_525}}.</ref>

==Structure and bonding==
The molecule is tetrahedral, as predicted by ]. The Se–O bond length is 161&nbsp;].<ref name="yost"/> In the solid state, it crystallizes in an ] structure.<ref>{{cite book| title= Handbook of Chalcogen Chemistry: New Perspectives in Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium| author= Mathias S. Wickleder| editor= Francesco A. Devillanova| publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry| year= 2007| isbn= 978-0-85404-366-8| page= 353}}</ref>

==Preparation==
It is prepared by oxidising selenium compounds in lower oxidation states. One method involves the oxidation of ] with ]:
:{{chem2|SeO2 + H2O2 → H2SeO4}}

Unlike the production ] by hydration of ], the hydration of ] is an impractical method.<ref name="yost"/> Instead, selenic acid may also be prepared by the oxidation of ] ({{chem2|H2SeO3}}) with halogens, such as ] or ], or with ].<ref name="kumarde">{{cite book| title= A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry| author= Anil Kumar De| publisher= New Age International| year= 2003| isbn= 81-224-1384-6| pages= 543–545}}</ref> Using chlorine or bromine as the oxidising agents also produces hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid as a side-product, which needs to be removed from the solution since they can reduce the selenic acid to selenous acid.<ref>{{Cite journal |first2= C. H. |last2= Kao |title= The preparation of selenic acid and of certain selenates |journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume= 47 |issue= 6 |pages= 1521–1522 |date=June 1925 |last1= Lenher |first1=V. |doi= 10.1021/ja01683a005}}</ref>

To obtain the ] acid as a crystalline solid, the resulting solution is evaporated at temperatures below {{convert|140|C|K F}} in a vacuum.<ref name=Seppelt>Seppelt, K. “Selenoyl Difluoride” Inorganic Syntheses, 1980, volume XX, pp. 36-38. {{ISBN|0-471-07715-1}}. The report describes the synthesis of selenic acid.</ref>

==Reactions==
Like ], selenic acid is a ] that is ] and extremely soluble in water. Concentrated solutions are viscous. Crystalline mono- and di-] are known.<ref name="kumarde"/> The monohydrate melts at 26&nbsp;°C, and the dihydrate melts at −51.7&nbsp;°C.<ref name="yost">{{cite book| title= Systematic Inorganic Chemistry| author= Don M. Yost| publisher= Read Books| year= 2007| isbn= 978-1-4067-7302-6| pages= 343–346}}</ref>

Selenic acid is a stronger ] than ],<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=782}}</ref> capable of liberating ] from ]s, being reduced to ] in the process:
:{{chem2|H2SeO4 + 2 H+ + 2 Cl- → H2SeO3 + H2O + Cl2}}

It decomposes above 200&nbsp;°C, liberating oxygen gas and being reduced to selenous acid:<ref name="kumarde"/>
:{{chem2|2 H2SeO4 → 2 H2SeO3 + O2}}

Selenic acid reacts with barium salts to precipitate solid {{chem2|BaSeO4}}, analogous to the sulfate. In general, selenate salts resemble sulfate salts, but are more soluble. Many selenate salts have the same crystal structure as the corresponding sulfate salts.<ref name="yost"/>

Treatment with ] gives ]:<ref name=Seppelt/>
:{{chem2|H2SeO4 + 2 HSO3F → SeO2F2 + 2 H2SO4}}

Hot, concentrated selenic acid reacts with ], forming a reddish-yellow solution of gold(III) selenate:<ref>{{Cite journal |first1= V. |title= Action of selenic acid on gold |journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume= 24 |issue= 4 |pages= 354–355 |date=April 1902 |last1= Lenher |doi= 10.1021/ja02018a005|url= https://zenodo.org/record/1428902 }}</ref>
:{{chem2|2 Au + 6 H2SeO4 → Au2(SeO4)3 + 3 H2SeO3 + 3 H2O}}

==Applications==
Selenic acid is used as a specialized oxidizing agent.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{selenium compounds}}
{{hydrogen compounds}}
{{Selenates}}

]
]
]
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