The American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization Tables for Russian, or the Library of Congress system, are a set of rules for the romanization of Russian-language text from Cyrillic script to Latin script.
The ALA-LC Romanization tables comprise a set of standards for romanization of texts in various languages, written in non-Latin writing systems. These romanization systems are intended for bibliographic cataloguing, and used in US and Canadian libraries, by the British Library since 1975, and in many publications worldwide.
The romanization tables were first discussed by the American Library Association in 1885, and published in 1904 and 1908, including rules for romanizing some languages written in Cyrillic script: Church Slavic, Serbo-Croatian, and Russian in the pre-reform alphabet. Revised tables including more languages were published in 1941, and a since-discontinued version of the entire standard was printed in 1997. The system for Russian remains virtually unchanged from 1941 to the latest release, with the current Russian table published online in 2012.
The formal, unambiguous version of the system requires some diacritics and two-letter tie characters which are often omitted in practice.
The table below combines material from the ALA-LC tables for Russian (2012) and, for some obsolete letters, Church Slavic (2011).
| Russian letter |
Romanization |
Examples | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| А | а | A | a | Азов = Azov Тамбов = Tambov |
| Б | б | B | b | Барнаул = Barnaul Кубань = Kubanʹ |
| В | в | V | v | Владимир = Vladimir Ульяновск = Ulʹi͡anovsk |
| Г | г | G | g | Грозный = Groznyĭ Волгодонск = Volgodonsk |
| Д | д | D | d | Дзержинский = Dzerzhinskiĭ Нелидово = Nelidovo |
| Е | е | E | e | Елизово = Elizovo Чебоксары = Cheboksary |
| Ё | ё | Ë | ë | Ёлкин = Ëlkin Озёрный = Ozërnyĭ |
| Ж | ж | Zh | zh | Жуков = Zhukov Лужники = Luzhniki |
| З | з | Z | z | Звенигород = Zvenigorod Вязьма = Vi͡azʹma |
| И | и | I | i | Иркутск = Irkutsk Апатиты = Apatity |
| Й | й | Ĭ | ĭ | Йошкар-Ола = Ĭoshkar-Ola Бийск = Biĭsk |
| К | к | K | k | Киров = Kirov Енисейск = Eniseĭsk |
| Л | л | L | l | Ломоносов = Lomonosov Нелидово = Nelidovo |
| М | м | M | m | Менделеев = Mendeleev Каменка = Kamenka |
| Н | н | N | n | Новосибирск = Novosibirsk Кандалакша = Kandalaksha |
| О | о | O | o | Омск = Omsk Красноярск = Krasnoi͡arsk |
| П | п | P | p | Петрозаводск = Petrozavodsk Серпухов = Serpukhov |
| Р | р | R | r | Ростов = Rostov Северобайкальск = Severobaĭkalʹsk |
| С | с | S | s | Сковородино = Skovorodino Чайковский = Chaǐkovskiĭ |
| Т | т | T | t | Тамбов = Tambov Мытищи = Mytishchi |
| У | у | U | u | Углич = Uglich Дудинка = Dudinka |
| Ф | ф | F | f | Фурманов = Furmanov Уфа = Ufa |
| Х | х | Kh | kh | Хабаровск = Khabarovsk Прохладный = Prokhladnyĭ |
| Ц | ц | T͡S | t͡s | Цимлянск = T͡Simli͡ansk Ельцин = Elʹt͡sin |
| Ч | ч | Ch | ch | Чебоксары = Cheboksary Печора = Pechora |
| Ш | ш | Sh | sh | Шахтёрск = Shakhtërsk Мышкин = Myshkin |
| Щ | щ | Shch | shch | Щёлково = Shchëlkovo Ртищево = Rtishchevo |
| Ъ | ъ | ʺ | ʺ | Подъездной = Podʺezdnoĭ |
| Ы | ы | Y | y | Ыттык-Кёль = Yttyk-Këlʹ Тында = Tynda |
| Ь | ь | ʹ | ʹ | Тюмень = Ti͡umenʹ |
| Э | э | Ė | ė | Электрогорск = Ėlektrogorsk Радиоэлектроника = Radioėlektronika |
| Ю | ю | I͡U | i͡u | Юбилейный = I͡Ubileǐnyǐ Ключевская = Kli͡uchevskai͡a |
| Я | я | I͡A | i͡a | Якутск = I͡Akutsk
Брянск = Bri͡ansk |
| Letters eliminated in the orthographic reform of 1918 | ||||
| І | і | І̄ | ī | |
| Ѣ | ѣ | I͡E | i͡e | |
| Ѳ | ѳ | Ḟ | ḟ | |
| Ѵ | ѵ | Ẏ | ẏ | |
| Other obsolete letters | ||||
| Є | є | Ē | ē | |
| Ѥ | ѥ | I͡E | i͡e | |
| Ѕ | ѕ | Ż | ż | |
| Ꙋ | ꙋ | Ū | ū | |
| Ѿ | ѿ | Ō͡T | ō͡t | |
| Ѡ | ѡ | Ō | ō | |
| Ѧ | ѧ | Ę | ę | |
| Ѯ | ѯ | K͡S | k͡s | |
| Ѱ | ѱ | P͡S | p͡s | |
| Ѫ | ѫ | Ǫ | ǫ | |
| Ѩ | ѩ | I͡Ę | i͡ę | |
| Ѭ | ѭ | I͡Ǫ | i͡ǫ | |
See also
- Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic (1898)
- Preußische Instruktionen (PI) (1899)
- Romanization of Russian
References
- “Searching for Cyrillic items in the catalogues of the British Library: guidelines and transliteration tables”
- Cutter, Charles Ammi (1885). "Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee, 1885". Library Journal. 10: 302–309.
- Cutter, Charles Ammi (1908). "Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee". Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries. Chicago, IL: American Library Association and the (British) Library Association. pp. 65–73.
- Gerych, G. (1965). Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets (master's dissertation). Ottawa: University of Ottawa.
- Gjelsness, Rudolph, ed. (1941). A.L.A. Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries. Chicago, IL: American Library Association. pp. 335–36.
- "ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Cataloging Distribution Service (Library of Congress)". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- "ALA-LC Romanization Tables". The Library of Congress. 2011. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
- "Russian" (PDF). Library of Congress. 2012. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
- ^ "Church Slavic" (PDF). Library of Congress. 2011. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
External links
- ALA-LC Romanization Tables at the U.S. Library of Congress
- CyrAcademisator Bi-directional online transliteration of Russian according to ALA-LC (diacritics). Supports Old Slavonic characters
- Online Russian Transliterator Supports ALA-LC, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and other standards.
| Romanization | |
|---|---|
| By publisher (for several languages) | |
| By language or writing system | |