| Al-Mustansir II المستنصر الثاني | |
|---|---|
| 38th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate | |
| Tenure | 13 June 1261 – 28 November 1261 |
| Predecessor | Al-Musta'sim (as caliph in Baghdad) |
| Successor | Al-Hakim I |
| Born | 1210s Baghdad, Iraq |
| Died | 28 November 1261 Fallujah, Hit, Iraq |
| Father | al-Zahir |
| Mother | Hayat |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Abu al-Qasim Ahmad ibn Muhammad (c. 1210s–28 November 1261), commonly known as al-Mustansir II, was the 38th and first Abbasid caliph to rule in Cairo, reigning from June 1261 to November 1261, under the Mamluk Sultanate.
Life
Abu al-Qasim Ahmad was a member of the Abbasid house who was imprisoned by his nephew the Caliph al-Musta'sim (r. 1242–1258) in Baghdad. Following the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258, he escaped to the Arab tribes in the desert, where he hid out for over three years, until after the Mamluks had driven the Mongols from Syria in 1260. After making his way to Cairo, Mamluk Egypt, al-Mustansir was installed as Caliph there by the Mamluk Sultan Baybars I (r. 1260–1277) in 1261. He was sent with an army to the east to recover Baghdad, but was killed in a Mongol ambush near al-Anbar (near Falluja in modern Iraq) in 1261, and was succeeded, though not immediately, by his rather distant Abbasid kinsman (and former rival caliph, having been proclaimed by the ruler of Aleppo) Al-Hakim I. Though he was not the direct ancestor of any of them, the line of Cairo caliphs Ahmad al-Mustansir founded lasted until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, but they were little more than religious figureheads for the Mamluks.
Bibliography
- Amitai-Preisss, Reuven. Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. 56–60, 62.
- Garcin, Jean-Claude (1967). "Histoire, opposition, politique et piétisme traditionaliste dans le Ḥusn al Muḥādarat de Suyûti" [History, opposition, politics and traditionalistic pietism in Suyuti's Ḥusn al Muḥādarat] (PDF). Annales Islamologiques (in French). 7. Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale: 33–90. doi:10.3406/anisl.1967.909. S2CID 259055409. Archived from the original (PDF, 14.62 MB) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- Glubb, John Bagot. Soldiers of Fortune: The Story of the Mamlukes. New York: Dorset Press, 1988. Pp. 66, 73–75.
- Holt, P. M. "al-Mustansir (II)." The Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd ed. Vol. VII. P. 729.
- Holt, P. M. (1984). "Some Observations on the 'Abbāsid Caliphate of Cairo". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 47 (3). University of London: 501–507. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00113710. JSTOR 618882. S2CID 161092185.
| Al-Mustansir II Mamluk Abbasid dynastyBorn: ? Died: 28 November 1261 | ||
| Sunni Islam titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| RecreatedBaghdad Caliphate destroyed due to Mongol conquestTitle last held byAl-Musta'sim |
Caliph of Cairo 13 June 1261 – 28 November 1261 |
Succeeded byAl-Hakim I |
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