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Modified Ashworth scale
Purpose	measure of spasticity

The Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) measures resistance during passive soft-tissue stretching and is used as a simple measure of spasticity. Scoring (taken from Bohannon and Smith, 1987):

0: No increase in muscle tone
1: Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part(s) is moved in flexion or extension
1+: Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder (less than half) of the ROM
2: More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part(s) easily moved
3: Considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult
4: Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

References

Ansari, NN; Naghdi, S; Arab, TK; Jalaie, S (2008). "The interrater and intrarater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale in the assessment of muscle spasticity: limb and muscle group effect". NeuroRehabilitation. 23 (3): 231–7. doi:10.3233/NRE-2008-23304. PMID 18560139.

2 Bohannon RW and Smith MB; 1987:Physical Therapy, 67(2), 206–207

Cerebral palsy

Symptoms and signs

Spasticity	Upper motor neuron lesion Spastic cerebral palsy Scissor gait Spastic diplegia Spastic hemiplegia Spastic quadriplegia
Ataxia and others	Ataxic cerebral palsy Athetoid cerebral palsy Dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Diagnosis

General movements assessment

Measurement scales

Gross Motor Function Classification System - Expanded & Revised (gross motor function)
Manual Ability Classification System (manual dexterity)
Communication Function Classification System (communication)
Modified Ashworth scale (spasticity)

Management

Other

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