Calu (Etruscan: ππππ, romanized: Calu, lit. 'dark, darkness') is an epithet of the Etruscan chthonic fire god Εuri as god of the underworld, roughly equivalent to the Greek god Hades (Epic Greek: αΌΟδηΟ, romanized: ΓΓ―dΔs; Etruscan: ππππ, romanized: Aita); moreover, as with Hades, this god-name was also used as a synonym for the underworld itself.
He is identified by his wolf attributes, such as a wolf-like appearance or a human with a wolf-skin cap. The visual representations of the cult of Calu seem to contain common elements with the Roman cult of Lupercalia and the Faliscan cult of the Hirpi Sorani ("wolves of Soranus", from Sabine: hirpus, lit. 'wolf').
References
- Zavaroni 1996.
- Mc Callister & Mc Callister 1999.
- Bouke van der Meer 2013, pp. 323β341.
- ^ Rissanen 2013.
- Maras 2010.
- Romano Impero 2021.
- De Grummond & Simon 2006, p. 57.
Bibliography
- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika, eds. (2006). The Religion of the Etruscans. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292782334.
- Bonfante, Larissa. "Etruscan Inscriptions and Etruscan Religion". In De Grummond & Simon (2006).
- Colonna, Giovanni. "Sacred Architecture and the Religion of the Etruscans". In De Grummond & Simon (2006).
- Krauskopf, Ingrid. "The Grave and Beyond". In De Grummond & Simon (2006), p. vii, pp. 73β75.
- Simon, Erika. "Gods in Harmony: The Etruscan Pantheon". In De Grummond & Simon (2006).
- Maras, Daniele F. (2010). "Suri. Il nero signore degli inferi". Archeo (in Italian). No. 305. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10.
- Mc Callister, Rick; Mc Callister, Silvia, eds. (1999), "CA-CE", Etruscan Glossary,
Calu
- Rissanen, Mika (2013) . "The Hirpi Sorani and the Wolf Cults of Central Italy". Arctos: Acta Philologica Fennica. 46. Helsinki: Klassillis-filologinen yhdistys. ISSN 0570-734X – via Academia.edu.
- Bouke van der Meer, Lammert (2013). "Lead Plaque of Magliano". Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino. Quaderni di Acme (134). Milan. pp. 323β341 (335) – via Academia.edu.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Zavaroni, Adolfo (1996). I documenti etruschi (in Italian). Sherpa.
Calu
External links
- "Culto di Soranus". Romano Impero (in Italian). July 2021.
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