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Cerro Fortaleza Formation

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Geological formation in Argentina "Pari Aike Formation" redirects here. Not to be confused with Pali-Aike volcanic field.
Cerro Fortaleza Formation
Stratigraphic range: Campanian to Maastrichtian
~76–70 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesLa Irene Formation
OverliesAnita Formation
Thickness460 m (1,510 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
Location
Coordinates49°54′S 72°06′W / 49.9°S 72.1°W / -49.9; -72.1
Approximate paleocoordinates51°54′S 61°48′W / 51.9°S 61.8°W / -51.9; -61.8
RegionSanta Cruz Province, southern Patagonia
CountryArgentina
ExtentAustral Basin
Cerro Fortaleza Formation is located in ArgentinaCerro Fortaleza FormationCerro Fortaleza Formation (Argentina)

The Cerro Fortaleza Formation, in older literature described as Pari Aike Formation, is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation of Campanian to Maastrichtian age (although it has formerly been reported to be Cenomanian to Santonian) of the Austral Basin in southern Patagonia, Argentina.

Description

The sandstones of the formation were deposited in a fluvial environment. The formation has an estimated thickness of 460 metres (1,510 ft) and overlies the Anita Formation, while it is overlain by the La Irene Formation. These formations are considered Campanian and Maastrichtian in age, respectively, making the Cerro Fortaleza Formation aged between them.

Paleobiota

The giant titanosaurs Puertasaurus and Dreadnoughtus, the megaraptoran Orkoraptor, the berthasaurid Austrocheirus isasii, and the ornithopod Talenkauen have been recovered from the formation alongside turtles and crocodiles.

Dinosaurs

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Ornithischians

Sauropods of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Ankylosauria indet. Small-sized isolated osteoderms.
Iguanodontoidea indet. One incomplete maxillary tooth crown.
Ornithopoda indet. Two isolated caudal centra.
Talenkauen T. santacrucensis Corro Los Hornos near Lake Viedma. Upper A partial articulated skeleton with exception of the rear part of the skull, the tail, and the hands. An elasmarian ornithopod.

Sauropods

Sauropods of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Clasmodosaurus C. spatula Lago Viedma Two incomplete teeth. A titanosaur
Dreadnoughtus
Puertasaurus
Indeterminate 32 isolated teeth.
Dreadnoughtus D. schrani Rio La Leona Valley, Upper Four incomplete proximal caudals and incomplete left astragalus. A titanosaur.
Puertasaurus P. reuili Cerros Los Hornos, La Leona. Upper A holotype based on four disarticulated vertebrae, specifically one cervical, one dorsal, and two caudal vertebrae. A titanosaur.

Theropods

Theropods of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Abelisauridae indet. An incomplete ziphodont tooth.
Austrocheirus isasii
Orkoraptor burkei
Austrocheirus A. isasii Hoyada Arroyo Seco. Upper An incomplete right ulna An ceratosaurian theropod.
Orkoraptor O. burkei Cerro Los Hornos. Upper Several isolated teeth, including two anteriormost, probably premaxillary teeth, left manual phalanx I-1, right, nearly complete fibula, and right ungual. A megaraptoran

Fish

Sauropods of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation
Taxa Species Locality Stratigraphic unit Material Notes Images
Atlantoceratodus A. iheringi Cerro Los Hornos and Hoyada Arroyo Seco. Four lower tooth plates, one lower tooth plate attached to a partial mandibular bone and four upper tooth plates. A lungfish.

See also

References

  1. Sickmann, Zachary T.; Schwartz, Theresa M.; Graham, Stephan A. (2018). "Refining stratigraphy and tectonic history using detrital zircon maximum depositional age: An example from the Cerro Fortaleza Formation, Austral Basin, southern Patagonia". Basin Research. 30 (4): 708–729. Bibcode:2018BasR...30..708S. doi:10.1111/bre.12272.
  2. Lacovara, Kenneth J.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Ibiricu, Lucio M.; Poole, Jason C.; Schroeter, Elena R.; Ullmann, Paul V.; Voegele, Kristyn K.; Boles, Zachary M.; Carter, Aja M.; Fowler, Emma K.; Egerton, Victoria M.; Moyer, Alison E.; Coughenour, Christopher L.; Schein, Jason P.; Harris, Jerald D.; Martínez, Rubén D.; Novas, Fernando E. (4 September 2014). "A Gigantic, Exceptionally Complete Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur from Southern Patagonia, Argentina". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 6196. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4.6196L. doi:10.1038/srep06196. PMC 5385829. PMID 25186586.
  3. ^ Varela et al. 2012.
  4. ^ Marenssi, Casadio & Santillana 2003, p. 406.
  5. Novas, Fernando E.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Lecuona, Agustina (June 2008). "Orkoraptor burkei nov. gen. et sp., a large theropod from the Maastrichtian Pari Aike Formation, Southern Patagonia, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 29 (3): 468–480. Bibcode:2008CrRes..29..468N. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.01.001.
  6. Agnolín, Federico L.; Álvarez Herrera, Gerardo; Rolando, Mauro Aranciaga; Motta, Matías; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Verdiquio, Lucía; D'Angelo, Julia S.; Moyano-Paz, Damián; Varela, Augusto N.; Sterli, Juliana; Bogan, Sergio; Miner, Santiago; Moreno Rodríguez, Ana; Muñoz, Gonzalo; Isasi, Marcelo P.; Novas, Fernando E. (February 2024). "Fossil vertebrates from the Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 154: 105735. Bibcode:2024CrRes.15405735A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105735.
  7. Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Barrios, Francisco T.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Lee, Yuong-Nam (8 September 2021). "A Late Cretaceous dinosaur and crocodyliform faunal association–based on isolate teeth and osteoderms–at Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian) type locality, Santa Cruz, Argentina". PLOS ONE. 16 (9): e0256233. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1656233P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256233. PMC 8425559. PMID 34495977.

Bibliography

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