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Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton

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(Redirected from Charles Paulet, 3rd Duke of Bolton) British landowner and Whig politician

Lieutenant-General His GraceThe Duke of BoltonKG PC
Portrait by James Seymour of the 3rd Duke of Bolton and 8th Marquis of Winchester. Probably in Kingsclere.
Personal details
Born3 September 1685
Died26 August 1754 (aged 68)
Spouse(s)Lady Anne Vaughan (m. 1713, d. 1751)
Lavinia Fenton (m. 1751)

Charles Powlett (sometimes spelled Paulet), 3rd Duke of Bolton KG PC (3 September 1685 – 26 August 1754), styled Earl of Wiltshire from 1685 until 1699, and Marquess of Winchester from 1699 until 1722, was a British landowner and Whig politician who sat in the English House of Commons from 1705 to 1708 and in the British House of Commons between 1708 and 1717, when he was raised to the peerage as Lord Powlett and sat in the House of Lords.

Duke of Bolton, detail from William Hogarth's Beggar's Opera, 1731

Early life

Powlett was born in 1685 at Chawton, Hampshire, the eldest son of Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton, and his second wife Frances Ramsden, daughter of William Ramsden of Byram, Yorkshire. He was educated at Enfield School although his father had to remove him in 1699 for absenteeism and unruly behaviour. He travelled abroad with Anthony Ashley from 1700 to 1704. In 1705 he was a volunteer in the Portuguese campaign.

Political career

Powlett was home in time to stand successfully as Whig at a by-election for Lymington on 7 December 1705. In 1708, he was elected MP for Hampshire in a close contest. However, the church interest supported the Tories following the Sacheverell trial, and he was defeated there in 1710 and 1713. In 1714 he was appointed Gentleman of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales.

At the 1715 general election, Powlett was returned as MP for Carmarthenshire. In the same year he was appointed Governor of Milford Haven and Vice-Admiral of South Wales. He was also appointed Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire and Glamorgan. He was created Lord Powlett of Basing on 12 April 1717 and had to give up his seat in the House of Commons. He became Colonel of the Royal Horse Guards in 1717.

In 1722 he succeeded to his father's estates and to the Dukedom of Bolton, making him one of the largest landowners in Hampshire and bringing control of some parliamentary seats; thus he became one of the principal electoral managers for the Whig government. He was appointed High Steward of Winchester, Warden of the New Forest and Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Dorset in the same year. He became a Privy Councillor on 1 June 1725 and was Lord Justice for the year 1725 to 1726. In 1726 he was appointed Commissioner for surveying lands for naval docks and Governor of the Isle of Wight.

In 1733 Powlett voted against the government and was dismissed from all his posts. In 1739, he became a founding governor of the Foundling Hospital in London, an orphanage for abandoned children. He became captain of the gentlemen pensioners in 1740. He was reconciled to Walpole and in 1742 was re-appointed to nearly all his previous posts, but he lost them all again in 1746.

Jockey Club

He apparently founded an early form of the Jockey Club. A notice of 1729 records that “The Jockey Club, consisting of several Noblemen and Gentlemen, are to meet one Day next Week at Hackwood, the Duke of Bolton’s Seat in Hampshire, to consider of the Methods for the better keeping of their respective Strings of Horses at New Market.” In 1733 another newspaper noted he was going "to dine with the Jockey Club, at William's Coffee-house, St. James's."

Family

William Hogarth's portrait of Lavinia, Duchess of Bolton

On 21 July 1713, he married Lady Anne Vaughan, a daughter of the 3rd Earl of Carbery. The marriage was not a happy one, and there were no children. In 1728, he began a long-standing affair with the well-known London actress, Lavinia Fenton. Lady Anne died in 1751 and the Duke married Lavinia Fenton on 20 October 1751 at Aix-en-Provence. She had already borne him three illegitimate sons: Charles, Percy, and Horatio Armand Powlett.

The third Duke of Bolton died in 1754, aged 68, at Royal Tunbridge Wells and was buried at Basing.

Hogarth's painting of The Beggar's Opera, scene VI, act III, 1731, (22.5 x 30 inches), featuring Lavinia as Polly Peacham (in white), with the Duke in the audience on the right, in blue wearing his Garter Star

See also

The Stables and Two Famous Running Horses belonging to His Grace, the Duke of Bolton, by James Seymour, 1747

References

  1. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 45, p.155. Oxford University Press, 2004
  2. ^ "POWLETT, Charles II, Marquess of Winchester (1685-1754), of Hackwood, nr. Basingstoke, Hants". History of Parliament Online (1690-1715). Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  3. ^ "POWLETT, Charles, Mq. of Winchester (1685-1754)". History of Parliament Online (1715-1754). Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  4. "The Jockey Club". Ipswich Journal. 2 August 1729. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  5. "LONDON, Jan. 20". Newcastle Courant. 27 January 1733. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
Bay Bolton, a horse belonging to his grace the Duke of Bolton, engraved by Richard Parr, 1739.
Parliament of England
Preceded byThomas Dore
Paul Burrard 		Member of Parliament for Lymington
1705–1707
With: Paul Burrard 		Succeeded byParliament of Great Britain
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded byParliament of England Member of Parliament for Lymington
1707–1708
With: Paul Burrard 		Succeeded byPaul Burrard
Richard Chaundler
Preceded byThomas Jervoise
Richard Chaundler 		Member of Parliament for Hampshire
1708–1710
With: Viscount Woodstock 1708–1709
Thomas Jervoise 1709–1710 		Succeeded byGeorge Pitt
Sir Simeon Stewart, Bt
Preceded bySir Thomas Powell, Bt Member of Parliament for Carmarthenshire
1715–1717 		Succeeded bySir Thomas Stepney, Bt
Military offices
Preceded byThe Duke of Argyll Colonel of the Royal Horse Guards
1717–1733 		Succeeded byThe Duke of Argyll
New regiment Colonel of The Duke of Bolton's Regiment of Foot
1745–1746 		Regiment disbanded
Honorary titles
Preceded byThe Earl of Carbery Custos Rotulorum of Carmarthenshire
1714–1735 		Succeeded bySir Nicholas Williams, Bt
Preceded bySir Thomas Mansel, Bt Vice-Admiral of South Wales
1715–1754 		Vacant
Preceded byThe Duke of Bolton Lord Lieutenant of Dorset
1722–1733 		Succeeded byThe Earl of Shaftesbury
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire
1722–1733 		Succeeded byThe Viscount Lymington
Preceded byThe Earl of Lincoln Constable of the Tower of London
Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets
1725–1726 		Succeeded byThe Viscount Lonsdale
Preceded byThe Earl Cadogan Governor of the Isle of Wight
1726–1733 		Succeeded byThe Duke of Montagu
VacantTitle last held byThe Earl of Pembroke Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan
1729–1754 		Succeeded byThe Earl of Plymouth
Preceded byThe Earl of Pembroke Custos Rotulorum of Glamorgan
1728–1754
Preceded byThe Duke of Montagu Captain of the Gentlemen Pensioners
1740–1742 		Succeeded byThe Lord Bathurst
Preceded byGeorge Trenchard Vice-Admiral of Dorset
1742–1754 		VacantTitle next held byThe Duke of Bolton
Preceded byThe Viscount Lymington Vice-Admiral and
Governor of the Isle of Wight
1742–1746 		Succeeded byThe Earl of Portsmouth
Lord Lieutenant and
Vice-Admiral of Hampshire
1742–1754 		Succeeded byThe Duke of Bolton
Peerage of England
Preceded byCharles Paulet Duke of Bolton
1722–1754 		Succeeded byHarry Powlett
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