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Cryptobranchoidea Temporal range: Middle Jurassic - Present Bathonian–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Hynobius fossigenus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Urodela
Suborder:	Cryptobranchoidea Dunn, 1922
Subgroups
†Chunerpeton? †Jeholotriton †Pangerpeton †Nesovtriton? †Iridotriton? †Kiyatriton? †Laccotriton †Sinerpeton Cryptobranchidae Panhynobia Ji, Anderson & Gao, 2021 †Liaoxitriton †Linglongtriton †Neimengtriton †Regalerpeton †Nuominerpeton Hynobiidae

The Cryptobranchoidea are a suborder of salamanders found in Asia, European Russia, and the United States. They are known as primitive salamanders, in contrast to Salamandroidea, the advanced salamanders. It has two living subdivisions, Cryptobranchidae (Asian giant salamanders and hellbenders), and Hynobiidae, commonly known as Asian salamanders.

Giant salamanders are obligate paedomorphs with partial metamorphosis, but Asiatic salamander goes through a full metamorphosis. The only known exceptions are the Longdong stream salamander, which has been documented as facultatively neotenic, and the Ezo salamander, where a now assumed extinct population from Lake Kuttarush in Hokkaido had neotenic traits like gills in adults.

The oldest members of the group are known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) aged Yanliao Biota of China.

Taxonomy

This suborder contains only two families at present. All other members are extinct and are only known as fossils.

• †Chunerpeton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic, has alternatively been recovered outside of Cryptobranchoidea)
• †Jeholotriton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic)
• †Pangerpeton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
• †Nesovtriton Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
• †Iridotriton Morrison Formation, United States, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
• †Kiyatriton Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Ilek Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) (Presumed to be a cryptobranchoid)
• †Laccotriton Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
• †Sinerpeton Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
• Cryptobranchidae (Late Cretaceous-Recent)
• Panhynobia
  • †Liaoxitriton Jiufotang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • †Linglongtriton Tiaojishan Formation, China, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)
  • †Neimengtriton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
  • †Regalerpeton Dabeigou Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
  • †Nuominerpeton Longjiang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • Hynobiidae (Miocene-Recent)

References

1. Heying, Heather. "ADW:Family Cryptobranchidae: giant salamanders and hellbenders".
2. Bonett, Ronald M.; Blair, Andrea L. (2017). "Evidence for complex life cycle constraints on salamander body form diversification". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (37): 9936–9941. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.9936B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1703877114. PMC 5604006.
3. Jiang, J. P.; Jia, J.; Zhang, M.; Gao, K. Q. (2018). "Osteology of Batrachuperus londongensis (Urodela, Hynobiidae): Study of bony anatomy of a facultatively neotenic salamander from Mount Emei, Sichuan Province, China". PeerJ. 6: e4517. doi:10.7717/peerj.4517. PMC 5878659. PMID 29610705.
4. ^ Jia, Jia; Anderson, Jason S.; Gao, Ke-Qin (2021-07-23). "Middle Jurassic stem hynobiids from China shed light on the evolution of basal salamanders". iScience. 24 (7): 102744. Bibcode:2021iSci...24j2744J. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102744. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 8264161. PMID 34278256.
5. Rong, Yu-Fen; Vasilyan, Davit; Dong, Li-Ping; Wang, Yuan (2020-12-08). "Revision of Chunerpeton tianyiense (Lissamphibia, Caudata): Is it a cryptobranchid salamander?". Palaeoworld. 30 (4): 708–723. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2020.12.001. ISSN 1871-174X.

v t e Caudate families by suborder
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Craniata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Amphibia
Cryptobranchoidea	Cryptobranchidae Hynobiidae
Salamandroidea	Ambystomatidae Amphiumidae Plethodontidae Proteidae Rhyacotritonidae Salamandridae
Sirenoidea	Sirenidae

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• Cryptobranchoidea
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• Oxfordian first appearances
• Extant Late Jurassic first appearances
• Amphibian suborders
• Taxa named by Emmett Reid Dunn
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