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Edwina Parra

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Edwina Parra (August 26, 1908-June 7, 2002), known as Betty Martin, was an American writer and advocate for leprosy patients.

Biography

Edwina Parra was born to a wealthy New Orleans family and made her debut in society at 19, in 1927. Parra was engaged to a medical student when she discovered the first symptoms of leprosy on her thigh. Her family sent her to Carville for treatment and explained her absence to acquaintances by saying that she was recovering from tuberculosis.

At Carville, she used the alias "Betty Parker" and worked in the hospital as a laboratory technician. She also worked as a staff member for The Star, a monthly magazine published by Carville patients. On The Star, she was involved in advocating for better treatment of leprosy patients, writing editorials in support of their rights to marry each other and vote. Parra met her husband Harry Martin, a fellow patient, at Carville and they were married in New Orleans after they escaped through a hole in the hospital's fence. Due to their escape, the couple was punished after their return by forced detention in the institution.In 1941, Parra and her husband became some of the first patients to be treated with sulfone drugs. This treatment improved their condition and allowed the couple to leave Carville.

Through her work at The Star, Parra received letters from readers outside Carville and established a correspondence with Hilda Scheer. Scheer (the mother of journalist Julian Scheer), encouraged Parra to write about her experiences for a memoir.Parra began writing a book with Evelyn Wells editing her draft, though the two women never met in person, communicating solely through correspondence.

The book was published by Doubleday in 1950, as Miracle at Carville, and Wells and Parra received the Christopher Award the next year.Edith Sitwell suggested to John Lehmann that he publish the book in England and recommended it to Graham Greene, when he was writing the novel A Burnt-Out Case. Graham's novel, set in a leper colony, eventually included many references to the sulfone treatment that Martin had used. An adaptation of Miracle at Carville was performed on NBC Matinee Theater in 1956.

In 1959, Parra published a second book, No One Must Ever Know, which continued the story of the Martins' lives following their release from Carville. Reviewing the book for the Los Angeles Evening Citizen News, Walter L. Scratch described her treatment after her release as "an indictment of the American people". Following her release, she and her husband purchased a house and an orchard in California using the money from her Christopher Award as a down payment.

In 1989, Parra and her husband returned to Carville to live permanently and receive medical treatment. They both refused to reveal their real names. Harry Martin explained in 1995 that they still had family nearby who would be ashamed of their illness. She described her time at Carville in a 1996 interview with the New York Times. Parra's identity as Betty Martin was kept secret when she died in 2002, with her family omitting any mention of Carville from her funeral service. Her obituaries also ignored her literary career.

References

  1. ^ Alford, Emily (March 29, 2021). "The 'Lepers' Who Demanded the Right to Be Treated as Human". Jezebel. Retrieved 2025-01-11.
  2. Fessler, Pam (2020). Carville's Cure: Leprosy, Stigma, and the Fight for Justice. Liveright. ISBN 9781631495045.
  3. Gould, Tony (2005). A Disease Apart: Leprosy in the Modern World. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 243. ISBN 0312305028.
  4. Page, Ann (September 1943). "Ann Page's The Ladies". The Star. 3 (1): 12.
  5. ^ Bragg, Rick (1995-06-19). "The Last Lepers: A special report.; Lives Stolen by Treatment, Not by Disease". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-01-11.
  6. Parascandola, John (1998). "An Exile in My Own Country: The Confinement of Leprosy Patients at the United States National Leprosarium". Medicina nei secoli. 10 (1): 116.
  7. Stoesz, Edgar, ed. (2006). Contagious Compassion: Celebrating 100 Years of American Leprosy Missions. Providence House Publishers. p. 103. ISBN 9781577363125.
  8. Feeny, Patrick (1964). The Fight Against Leprosy. Elek Books. p. 161.
  9. Martin, Betty (1950). Miracle at Carville. Doubleday. p. 245.
  10. Scheer, Julian W. (March 4, 1951). "Richmond Woman Helped with 'Miracle' Book". Richmond Times-Dispatch. p. 43.
  11. Dempsey, David. "In and Out of Books". The New York Times.
  12. "Awards of $25,000". The Nashville Banner. February 16, 1951. p. 28.
  13. Greene, Richard (2011). Edith Sitwell : Avant-garde poet, English genius. London: Virago. p. 420. ISBN 9781860499678.
  14. Greene, Richard, ed. (2008). Graham Greene: A Life in Letters. London: Abacus. p. 236. ISBN 9780349119144.
  15. Gianakos, Larry James (1980). Television drama series programming : A comprehensive chronicle, 1947-1959. Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press. p. 455.
  16. Scratch, Walter L. (May 1, 1959). "Shameful Treatment of Former Lepers". Los Angeles Evening Citizen News. p. 11.
  17. Lynch, John (January 15, 1954). "It's My Home Town". The St. Albans Messenger. p. 4.
  18. Squires, Sally (1997-12-14). "'We Have Suffered Too Long in Loneliness and in Fear'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2025-01-11.
  19. "Budget cuts may close leper colony". Santa Cruz Sentinel. June 19, 1995. p. 4.
  20. Andrea Elizabeth Milne (2018). ""We Are No Peculiar Breed of Femmes": Domesticity as Counter-Discourse for Women with Leprosy, 1940–1960". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 39 (3): 118. doi:10.5250/fronjwomestud.39.3.0118.
  21. Manes, Claire. Out of the Shadow of Leprosy: The Carville Letters and Stories of the Landry Family. University Press of Mississippi. p. 200.
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