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Several groups specifically concerned with nuclear issues were established in the mid-1970s, including the Movement Against Uranium Mining and Campaign Against Nuclear Energy (CANE), cooperating with other environmental groups such as Friends of the Earth and the Australian Conservation Foundation. But by the late 1980s, the price of uranium had fallen, and the costs of nuclear power had risen, and the anti-nuclear movement seemed to have won its case. CANE disbanded itself in 1988.
In 1864, Maxwell presented what are now known as Maxwell's equations to the Royal Society. These collectively describe the behaviour of both the electric and magnetic fields, as well as their interactions with matter.
The Washington Post reports that there is an "emerging consensus" among U.S. and European intelligence officials that maritime accidents, rather than Russian sabotage, was the cause of damage to Baltic seabed energy and communications lines. (Washington Post)
Russia launches a major ballistic and cruise missile attack on regions across Ukraine, targeting energy production and compelling authorities to shut down the power grid. (AP)
Image 2Seasonal cycle of capacity factors for wind and photovoltaics in Europe shown under idealized assumptions. The figure illustrates the balancing effects of wind and solar energy at the seasonal scale (Kaspar et al., 2019). (from Solar power)
Image 3Natural gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Lower Austria (from Natural gas)
Image 10The warming influence (called radiative forcing) of long-lived greenhouse gases has increased substantially in the last 40 years, with carbon dioxide and methane being the dominant drivers of global warming. (from Natural gas)
Image 16Burning of natural gas coming out of the ground (from Natural gas)
Image 17Deaths caused as a result of fossil fuel use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of sustainable energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Sustainable energy)
Image 27Part of the Senftenberg Solarpark, a solar photovoltaic power plant located on former open-pit mining areas close to the city of Senftenberg, in Eastern Germany. The 78 MW Phase 1 of the plant was completed within three months. (from Solar power)
Image 28Installed geothermal energy capacity, 2022 (from Geothermal power)
Image 29The Warwick Castle water-powered generator house, used for the generation of electricity for the castle from 1894 until 1940 (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 30A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil (from Oil refinery)
Image 31Gas network emergency vehicle responding to a major fire in Kyiv, Ukraine (from Natural gas)
Image 33Geothermal generation by country, 2021 (from Geothermal power)
Image 34Electricity production by source (from Solar power)
Image 35Reactor decay heat as a fraction of full power after the reactor shutdown, using two different correlations. To remove the decay heat, reactors need cooling after the shutdown of the fission reactions. A loss of the ability to remove decay heat caused the Fukushima accident. (from Nuclear power)
Image 50Schematic flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant (from Natural gas)
Image 51A pipeline odorant injection station (from Natural gas)
Image 52Deaths caused by use of fossil fuels such as natural gas (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of wind energy, nuclear energy or solar energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Natural gas)
Image 56Merowe Dam in Sudan. Hydroelectric power stations that use dams submerge large areas of land due to the requirement of a reservoir. These changes to land color or albedo, alongside certain projects that concurrently submerge rainforests, can in these specific cases result in the global warming impact, or equivalent life-cycle greenhouse gases of hydroelectricity projects, to potentially exceed that of coal power stations. (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 61Actual annual deployments of solar PV vs predictions by the IEA for the period 2002–2016. Predictions have largely and consistently underestimated actual growth. (from Solar power)
Image 62Enhanced geothermal system 1:Reservoir 2:Pump house 3:Heat exchanger 4:Turbine hall 5:Production well 6:Injection well 7:Hot water to district heating 8:Porous sediments 9:Observation well 10:Crystalline bedrock (from Geothermal power)
Image 63Growth of worldwide nuclear power generation (from Nuclear power)
Image 64Trends in the top five geothermal electricity-generating countries, 1980–2012 (US EIA) (from Geothermal power)
Image 65Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry and radiopharmaceutical refinement is conducted within remote-handled hot cells. (from Nuclear power)
Image 69The guided-missile cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61) receives fuel at sea (FAS) from the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73). (from Nuclear power)
Image 72Kenyan dairy farmer lighting a biogas lamp. Biogas produced from biomass is a renewable energy source that can be burned for cooking or light. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 73Buildings in the Solar Settlement at Schlierberg, Germany, produce more energy than they consume. They incorporate rooftop solar panels and are built for maximum energy efficiency. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 75The Hoover Dam in the United States is a large conventional dammed-hydro facility, with an installed capacity of 2,080 MW. (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 80The outdoor section of a heat pump. In contrast to oil and gas boilers, they use electricity and are highly efficient. As such, electrification of heating can significantly reduce emissions. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 81The launching ceremony of USS Nautilus January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach the North Pole. (from Nuclear power)
Image 87Schematic flow diagram of a typical crude oil distillation unit as used in petroleum crude oil refineries (from Oil refinery)
Image 88Bloomberg NEF reported that in 2022, global energy transition investment equaled fossil fuels investment for the first time. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 89Cooling towers at a geothermal power plant in Larderello, Italy
Image 94A gas bill from Baltimore, Maryland, 1834, for manufactured coal gas, before the introduction of ground-extracted methane gas. (from Natural gas)
Image 96United States and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945–2006. The Megatons to Megawatts Program was the main driving force behind the sharp reduction in the quantity of nuclear weapons worldwide since the cold war ended. (from Nuclear power)
Image 97Share of electricity production from nuclear, 2023 (from Nuclear power)
Image 98Museum Hydroelectric power plant "Under the Town" in Užice, Serbia, built in 1900 (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 99Map of solar resources from World bank (from Solar power)
Image 100Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. The fractions at the top of the fractionating column have lower boiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom fractions are often cracked into lighter, more useful products. All of the fractions are processed further in other refining units. (from Oil refinery)
Image 102Since 1985, the proportion of electricity generated from low-carbon sources has increased only slightly. Advances in deploying renewables have been mostly offset by declining shares of nuclear power. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 103Thomas Young - the first to use the term "energy" to refer to kinetic energy in its modern sense, in 1802. (from History of energy)
Image 104The U.S. and Russia have been the predominant producers of natural gas. (from Natural gas)
Image 107The location of shale gas compared to other types of gas deposits (from Natural gas)
Image 108Hydro generation by country, 2021 (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 109The oil refinery in Haifa, Israel, is capable of processing about 9 million tons (66 million barrels) of crude oil a year. Its two cooling towers are landmarks of the city's skyline. (from Oil refinery)
Image 110The share of electricity production from solar, 2023 (from Solar power)
Image 119The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to a nuclear power plant. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). In nuclear reprocessing, 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (from Nuclear power)
Image 120Benefitting from favorable policies and declining costs of modules, photovoltaic solar installation has grown consistently. In 2023, China added 60% of the world's new capacity. (from Solar power)
Image 122Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red). (from Solar power)
Image 129Clean energy investment has benefited from post-pandemic economic recovery, a global energy crisis involving high fossil fuel prices, and growing policy support across various nations. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 130Proportions of the isotopes uranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) found in natural uranium and in enriched uranium for different applications. Light water reactors use 3–5% enriched uranium, while CANDU reactors work with natural uranium. (from Nuclear power)
Image 131Construction close to high pressure gas transmission pipelines is discouraged, often with standing warning signs. (from Natural gas)
Image 132Death rates per unit of electricity production for different energy sources (from Nuclear power)
Image 133A comparison of prices over time for energy from nuclear fission and from other sources. Over the presented time, thousands of wind turbines and similar were built on assembly lines in mass production resulting in an economy of scale. While nuclear remains bespoke, many first of their kind facilities added in the timeframe indicated and none are in serial production.Our World in Data notes that this cost is the global average, while the 2 projects that drove nuclear pricing upwards were in the US. The organization recognises that the median cost of the most exported and produced nuclear energy facility in the 2010s the South Korean APR1400, remained "constant", including in export. LCOE is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generating plant over its lifetime. As a metric, it remains controversial as the lifespan of units are not independent but manufacturer projections, not a demonstrated longevity. (from Nuclear power)
Image 134Manhole for domestic gas supply, London, UK (from Natural gas)
"In recent years, new nations have entered enthusiastically into industrial production, thereby increasing their energy needs. This has led to an unprecedented race for available resources. Meanwhile, some parts of the planet remain backward and development is effectively blocked, partly because of the rise in energy prices. What will happen to those peoples?" – Pope Benedict XVI, 2007
"In order to prevent the harmful consequences that crude oil price volatility is having on the well-being of our people, it is urgent that we convene a World Leaders Summit to present alternative solutions to this serious problem, which could quite possibly be a significant shock to the prosperity of developing nations." – Leonel Fernández, 2005
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Nuclear testing, uranium mining and export, and nuclear energy have often been the subject of public debate in Australia, and the anti-nuclear movement in Australia has a long history. Its origins date back to the 1972–73 debate over French nuclear testing in the Pacific and the 1976–77 debate about uranium mining in Australia.
James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematician and theoretical physicist. His most significant achievement was formulating a set of equations – eponymously named Maxwell's equations – that for the first time expressed the basic laws of electricity and magnetism in a unified fashion. Maxwell's contributions to physics are considered by many to be of the same magnitude as those of Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein.
Image 1Cracks at the historic Town Hall of Staufen im Breisgau presumed due to damage from geothermal drilling (from Geothermal power)
Image 2Seasonal cycle of capacity factors for wind and photovoltaics in Europe shown under idealized assumptions. The figure illustrates the balancing effects of wind and solar energy at the seasonal scale (Kaspar et al., 2019). (from Solar power)
Image 3Natural gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Lower Austria (from Natural gas)
Image 4Natural gas drilling rig in Texas, US (from Natural gas)
Image 5Utility cycling infrastructure, such as this bike lane in Vancouver, encourages sustainable transport. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 6Geothermal power center in the Usulután Department, El Salvador (from Geothermal power)
Image 7For cooking, electric induction stoves are one of the most energy-efficient and safest options. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 8Battery storage facility
Image 9Sulphur (from Oil refinery)
Image 10The warming influence (called radiative forcing) of long-lived greenhouse gases has increased substantially in the last 40 years, with carbon dioxide and methane being the dominant drivers of global warming. (from Natural gas)
Image 11Neste Oil refinery in Porvoo, Finland (from Oil refinery)
Image 12Typical composition of uranium dioxide fuel before and after approximately three years in the once-through nuclear fuel cycle of a LWR (from Nuclear power)
Image 13Natural gas burning on a gas stove (from Natural gas)
Image 14A Washington, D.C. Metrobus, which runs on natural gas (from Natural gas)
Image 15Countries by natural gas proven reserves (2014), based on data from The World Factbook (from Natural gas)
Image 16Burning of natural gas coming out of the ground (from Natural gas)
Image 17Deaths caused as a result of fossil fuel use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of sustainable energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Sustainable energy)
Image 18A woman in rural Rajasthan, India, collects firewood. The use of wood and other polluting fuels for cooking causes millions of deaths each year from indoor and outdoor air pollution. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 19Share of electricity production from hydropower, 2023 (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 20The status of nuclear power globally (click for legend) (from Nuclear power)
Image 21Dry cask storage vessels storing spent nuclear fuel assemblies (from Nuclear power)
Image 22Greenhouse gas emissions per energy source. Solar power is one of the sources with the least greenhouse gas emissions. (from Solar power)
Image 23The first light bulbs ever lit by electricity generated by nuclear power at EBR-1 at Argonne National Laboratory-West, December 20, 1951. (from Nuclear power)
Image 24Part of the 354 MW Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) parabolic trough solar complex in northern San Bernardino County, California (from Solar power)
Image 25A geothermal power station in Negros Oriental, Philippines (from Geothermal power)
Image 26The town of Pripyat abandoned since 1986, with the Chernobyl plant and the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in the distance (from Nuclear power)
Image 27Part of the Senftenberg Solarpark, a solar photovoltaic power plant located on former open-pit mining areas close to the city of Senftenberg, in Eastern Germany. The 78 MW Phase 1 of the plant was completed within three months. (from Solar power)
Image 28Installed geothermal energy capacity, 2022 (from Geothermal power)
Image 29The Warwick Castle water-powered generator house, used for the generation of electricity for the castle from 1894 until 1940 (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 30A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil (from Oil refinery)
Image 31Gas network emergency vehicle responding to a major fire in Kyiv, Ukraine (from Natural gas)
Image 32A photovoltaic power station in California, United States
Image 33Geothermal generation by country, 2021 (from Geothermal power)
Image 34Electricity production by source (from Solar power)
Image 35Reactor decay heat as a fraction of full power after the reactor shutdown, using two different correlations. To remove the decay heat, reactors need cooling after the shutdown of the fission reactions. A loss of the ability to remove decay heat caused the Fukushima accident. (from Nuclear power)
Image 36Sample of crude oil (petroleum) (from Oil refinery)
Image 37Yearly solar generation by continent (from Solar power)
Image 38Several countries and the European Union have committed to dates for all new cars to be zero-emissions vehicles. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 39The Ffestiniog Power Station can generate 360 MW of electricity within 60 seconds of the demand arising. (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 40Natural gas extraction by countries in cubic meters per year around 2013 (from Natural gas)
Image 41Schematics of a grid-connected residential PV power system (from Solar power)
Image 42Electrified transport and renewable energy are key areas of investment for the renewable energy transition. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 43Anti-nuclear protest near nuclear waste disposal centre at Gorleben in northern Germany (from Nuclear power)
Image 44A micro-hydro facility in Vietnam (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 45Sample of diesel fuel (from Oil refinery)
Image 46Europe (from Solar power)
Image 47North America (from Solar power)
Image 48Peoples Gas Manlove Field natural gas storage area in Newcomb Township, Champaign County, Illinois. In the foreground (left) is one of the numerous wells for the underground storage area, with an LNG plant, and above-ground storage tanks are in the background (right). (from Natural gas)
Image 49Community solar farm in the town of Wheatland, Wisconsin (from Solar power)
Image 50Schematic flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant (from Natural gas)
Image 51A pipeline odorant injection station (from Natural gas)
Image 53The Three Gorges Dam in Central China is the world's largest power-producing facility of any kind. (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 54The Ikata Nuclear Power Plant, a pressurized water reactor that cools by using a secondary coolant heat exchanger with a large body of water, an alternative cooling approach to large cooling towers (from Nuclear power)
Image 55Cylinders of liquified petroleum gas (from Oil refinery)
Image 56Merowe Dam in Sudan. Hydroelectric power stations that use dams submerge large areas of land due to the requirement of a reservoir. These changes to land color or albedo, alongside certain projects that concurrently submerge rainforests, can in these specific cases result in the global warming impact, or equivalent life-cycle greenhouse gases of hydroelectricity projects, to potentially exceed that of coal power stations. (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 57Refinery, Bayport Industrial Complex, Harris County, Texas (from Oil refinery)
Image 58Global geothermal electric capacity. Upper red line is installed capacity; lower green line is realized production. (from Geothermal power)
Image 59Activity of spent UOx fuel in comparison to the activity of natural uranium ore over time (from Nuclear power)
Image 60Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System with all three towers under load (from Solar power)
Image 61Actual annual deployments of solar PV vs predictions by the IEA for the period 2002–2016. Predictions have largely and consistently underestimated actual growth. (from Solar power)
Image 62Enhanced geothermal system 1:Reservoir 2:Pump house 3:Heat exchanger 4:Turbine hall 5:Production well 6:Injection well 7:Hot water to district heating 8:Porous sediments 9:Observation well 10:Crystalline bedrock (from Geothermal power)
Image 63Growth of worldwide nuclear power generation (from Nuclear power)
Image 64Trends in the top five geothermal electricity-generating countries, 1980–2012 (US EIA) (from Geothermal power)
Image 65Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry and radiopharmaceutical refinement is conducted within remote-handled hot cells. (from Nuclear power)
Image 66Pile of asphalt-covered aggregate for formation into asphalt concrete (from Oil refinery)
Image 67Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electricity supply technologies, median values calculated by IPCC (from Nuclear power)
Image 68Net metering, unlike a feed-in tariff, requires only one meter, but it must be bi-directional. (from Solar power)
Image 69The guided-missile cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61) receives fuel at sea (FAS) from the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73). (from Nuclear power)
Image 70Wind turbines in Xinjiang, China
Image 71World map showing where people without access to electricity lived in 2016—mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent (from Sustainable energy)
Image 72Kenyan dairy farmer lighting a biogas lamp. Biogas produced from biomass is a renewable energy source that can be burned for cooking or light. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 73Buildings in the Solar Settlement at Schlierberg, Germany, produce more energy than they consume. They incorporate rooftop solar panels and are built for maximum energy efficiency. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 74Nuclear waste flasks generated by the United States during the Cold War are stored underground at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. The facility is seen as a potential demonstration for storing spent fuel from civilian reactors. (from Nuclear power)
Image 75The Hoover Dam in the United States is a large conventional dammed-hydro facility, with an installed capacity of 2,080 MW. (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 76Guri Dam, a hydroelectric dam in Venezuela (from Sustainable energy)
Image 77Passive cooling features, such as these windcatcher towers in Iran, bring cool air into buildings without any use of energy. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 78Storage tanks and towers at Shell Puget Sound Refinery (Shell Oil Company), Anacortes, Washington (from Oil refinery)
Image 79Example of energy policy decisions: The goal of the Southern Gas Corridor, which connects the giant Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan to Europe, is to reduce Europe's dependency on Russian gas. (from Energy policy)
Image 80The outdoor section of a heat pump. In contrast to oil and gas boilers, they use electricity and are highly efficient. As such, electrification of heating can significantly reduce emissions. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 81The launching ceremony of USS Nautilus January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach the North Pole. (from Nuclear power)
Image 82Jamnagar Refinery, the world's largest oil refinery, in Gujarat, India (from Oil refinery)
Image 83Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the world's worst nuclear accident since 1986, 50,000 households were displaced after radiation leaked into the air, soil and sea. Radiation checks led to bans of some shipments of vegetables and fish. (from Nuclear power)
Image 84Olkiluoto 3 under construction in 2009. It was the first EPR, a modernized PWR design, to start construction. (from Nuclear power)
Image 85Grangemouth Refinery, in Scotland (from Oil refinery)
Image 86Nuclear fuel assemblies being inspected before entering a pressurized water reactor in the United States (from Nuclear power)
Image 87Schematic flow diagram of a typical crude oil distillation unit as used in petroleum crude oil refineries (from Oil refinery)
Image 88Bloomberg NEF reported that in 2022, global energy transition investment equaled fossil fuels investment for the first time. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 89Cooling towers at a geothermal power plant in Larderello, Italy
Image 90Sample of kerosene (from Oil refinery)
Image 91A sugarcane plantation to produce ethanol in Brazil (from Sustainable energy)
Image 92The growth of solar PV on a semi-log scale since 1996 (from Solar power)
Image 93Sample of gasoline (from Oil refinery)
Image 94A gas bill from Baltimore, Maryland, 1834, for manufactured coal gas, before the introduction of ground-extracted methane gas. (from Natural gas)
Image 95Oil refinery in Iran (from Oil refinery)
Image 96United States and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945–2006. The Megatons to Megawatts Program was the main driving force behind the sharp reduction in the quantity of nuclear weapons worldwide since the cold war ended. (from Nuclear power)
Image 97Share of electricity production from nuclear, 2023 (from Nuclear power)
Image 98Museum Hydroelectric power plant "Under the Town" in Užice, Serbia, built in 1900 (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 99Map of solar resources from World bank (from Solar power)
Image 100Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. The fractions at the top of the fractionating column have lower boiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom fractions are often cracked into lighter, more useful products. All of the fractions are processed further in other refining units. (from Oil refinery)
Image 101Russia was a key oil and gas supplier to Europe (map from 2013). This changed with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. (from Energy policy)
Image 102Since 1985, the proportion of electricity generated from low-carbon sources has increased only slightly. Advances in deploying renewables have been mostly offset by declining shares of nuclear power. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 103Thomas Young - the first to use the term "energy" to refer to kinetic energy in its modern sense, in 1802. (from History of energy)
Image 104The U.S. and Russia have been the predominant producers of natural gas. (from Natural gas)
Image 105Refinery of Slovnaft in Bratislava (from Oil refinery)
Image 106The multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG), used in several space missions such as the Curiosity Mars rover (from Nuclear power)
Image 107The location of shale gas compared to other types of gas deposits (from Natural gas)
Image 108Hydro generation by country, 2021 (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 109The oil refinery in Haifa, Israel, is capable of processing about 9 million tons (66 million barrels) of crude oil a year. Its two cooling towers are landmarks of the city's skyline. (from Oil refinery)
Image 110The share of electricity production from solar, 2023 (from Solar power)
Image 111Global energy usage is highly unequal. High income countries such as the United States and Canada use 100 times as much energy per capita as some of the least developed countries in Africa. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 112Anacortes Refinery, on the north end of March Point southeast of Anacortes, Washington, United States (from Oil refinery)
Image 113Yearly geothermal generation by continent (from Geothermal power)
Image 114Africa and Middle East (from Solar power)
Image 115The 120-MWe Nesjavellir power station in southwest Iceland (from Geothermal power)
Image 116South and South-East Asia (from Solar power)
Image 117Schematic of the ITER tokamak under construction in France (from Nuclear power)
Image 118A parabolic collector concentrates sunlight onto a tube in its focal point. (from Solar power)
Image 119The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to a nuclear power plant. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). In nuclear reprocessing, 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (from Nuclear power)
Image 120Benefitting from favorable policies and declining costs of modules, photovoltaic solar installation has grown consistently. In 2023, China added 60% of the world's new capacity. (from Solar power)
Image 121Polyethylene plastic main being placed in a trench (from Natural gas)
Image 122Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red). (from Solar power)
Image 123Pico hydroelectricity in Mondulkiri, Cambodia (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 124The Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant in Switzerland (from Nuclear power)
Image 125South America (from Solar power)
Image 126Australia (from Solar power)
Image 127The Calder Hall nuclear power station in the United Kingdom, the world's first commercial nuclear power station (from Nuclear power)
Image 128Baton Rouge Refinery (the fifth-largest in the United States) (from Oil refinery)
Image 129Clean energy investment has benefited from post-pandemic economic recovery, a global energy crisis involving high fossil fuel prices, and growing policy support across various nations. (from Sustainable energy)
Image 130Proportions of the isotopes uranium-238 (blue) and uranium-235 (red) found in natural uranium and in enriched uranium for different applications. Light water reactors use 3–5% enriched uranium, while CANDU reactors work with natural uranium. (from Nuclear power)
Image 131Construction close to high pressure gas transmission pipelines is discouraged, often with standing warning signs. (from Natural gas)
Image 132Death rates per unit of electricity production for different energy sources (from Nuclear power)
Image 133A comparison of prices over time for energy from nuclear fission and from other sources. Over the presented time, thousands of wind turbines and similar were built on assembly lines in mass production resulting in an economy of scale. While nuclear remains bespoke, many first of their kind facilities added in the timeframe indicated and none are in serial production.Our World in Data notes that this cost is the global average, while the 2 projects that drove nuclear pricing upwards were in the US. The organization recognises that the median cost of the most exported and produced nuclear energy facility in the 2010s the South Korean APR1400, remained "constant", including in export.
Image 134Manhole for domestic gas supply, London, UK (from Natural gas)
Image 135Fire-extinguishing operations after the Texas City refinery explosion (from Oil refinery)
Image 136Measurement of the tailrace and forebay rates at the Limestone Generating Station in Manitoba, Canada (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 137Yearly hydro generation by continent (from Hydroelectricity)
Image 138Motor oil (from Oil refinery)
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