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CD24
Identifiers
Aliases	CD24, CD24A, CD24 molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 600074; MGI: 88323; GeneCards: CD24; OMA:CD24 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human) Band 6q21 Start 106,969,831 bp End 106,975,627 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse) Band 10 B2|10 23.01 cM Start 43,454,280 bp End 43,460,261 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in renal medulla bronchial epithelial cell mucosa of colon mucosa of sigmoid colon oral cavity parotid gland gingival epithelium epithelium of nasopharynx mucosa of ileum pancreatic epithelial cell Top expressed in fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine superior cervical ganglion epithelium of stomach human fetus medial ganglionic eminence epithelium of lens parotid gland tibiofemoral joint blood More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein tyrosine kinase activator activity signal transducer activity protein binding protein kinase binding Cellular component membrane plasma membrane cell surface anchored component of external side of plasma membrane membrane raft anchored component of membrane intracellular anatomical structure Biological process response to hypoxia regulation of MAPK cascade positive regulation of MAP kinase activity regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration chemokine receptor transport out of membrane raft T cell costimulation regulation of phosphorylation Wnt signaling pathway negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production cell activation immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to estrogen respiratory burst intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation cell adhesion glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation cholesterol homeostasis regulation of epithelial cell differentiation response to molecule of bacterial origin cell migration B cell receptor transport into membrane raft positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity cell-cell adhesion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 100133941 12484 Ensembl ENSG00000272398 ENSMUSG00000047139 UniProt P25063 P24807 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001291737 NM_001291738 NM_001291739 NM_013230 NM_001359084 NM_009846 RefSeq (protein) NP_001278666 NP_001278667 NP_001278668 NP_037362 NP_001346013 NP_033976 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 106.97 – 106.98 Mb Chr 10: 43.45 – 43.46 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD24 gene. CD24 is a cell adhesion molecule.

Function

CD24 is a sialoglycoprotein expressed at the surface of most B lymphocytes and differentiating neuroblasts. It is also expressed on neutrophils and neutrophil precursors from the myelocyte stage onwards. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. The protein also contributes to a wide range of downstream signaling networks and is crucial for neural development. Cross-linking of CD24 on the surface of neutrophils induces apoptosis, and this appears to be defective in sepsis. CD24 gene is found on chromosome 6 (6q21) An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2 and Yq11.222. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined.

Researchers have identified CD24 as a novel cell surface marker that flags anastasis in melanoma cells, a process where cells that have initiated apoptosis can recover and survive. This discovery highlights CD24’s role in marking apoptotic subpopulations that exhibit metabolic activity and proliferative capacities, contributing to melanoma’s resilience and potential metastasis.

References

1. ^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000272398 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000047139 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Hough MR, Rosten PM, Sexton TL, Kay R, Humphries RK (July 1994). "Mapping of CD24 and homologous sequences to multiple chromosomal loci". Genomics. 22 (1): 154–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1356. PMID 7959762.
6. Elghetany MT, Patel J (December 2002). "Assessment of CD24 expression on bone marrow neutrophilic granulocytes: CD24 is a marker for the myelocytic stage of development". American Journal of Hematology. 71 (4): 348–9. doi:10.1002/ajh.10176. PMID 12447971. S2CID 39674808.
7. Gilliam DT, Menon V, Bretz NP, Pruszak J (March 2017). "The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 99: 133–144. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011. PMID 27993646. S2CID 3492300.
8. ^ Parlato M, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Philippart F, Misset B, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM (March 2014). "CD24-triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species production of human neutrophils is impaired in sepsis". Journal of Immunology. 192 (5): 2449–59. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301055. PMID 24501201. S2CID 45838206.
9. Vasileva MH, Bennemann A, Zachmann K, Schön MP, Frank J, Ulaganathan VK (August 2024). "CD24 flags anastasis in melanoma cells". Apoptosis. doi:10.1007/s10495-024-01990-1. PMID 39136818.

Further reading

• Li D, Zheng L, Jin L, Zhou Y, Li H, Fu J, et al. (September 2009). "CD24 polymorphisms affect risk and progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection". Hepatology. 50 (3): 735–42. doi:10.1002/hep.23047. PMID 19610054. S2CID 34010521.
• Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Wudarski M, Łacki JK, Jagodziński PP (June 2010). "CD24 Ala57Val gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus". Tissue Antigens. 75 (6): 696–700. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01447.x. PMID 20230526.
• Honeth G, Bendahl PO, Ringnér M, Saal LH, Gruvberger-Saal SK, Lövgren K, et al. (2008). "The CD44+/CD24- phenotype is enriched in basal-like breast tumors". Breast Cancer Research. 10 (3): R53. doi:10.1186/bcr2108. PMC 2481503. PMID 18559090.
• Nagy B, Szendroi A, Romics I (June 2009). "Overexpression of CD24, c-myc and phospholipase 2A in prostate cancer tissue samples obtained by needle biopsy". Pathology & Oncology Research. 15 (2): 279–83. doi:10.1007/s12253-008-9077-1. PMID 18752058. S2CID 22572165.
• Kim KH, Choi JS, Kim JM, Choi YL, Shin YK, Lee HC, et al. (March 2009). "Enhanced CD24 expression in endometrial carcinoma and its expression pattern in normal and hyperplastic endometrium". Histology and Histopathology. 24 (3): 309–16. doi:10.14670/HH-24.309. PMID 19130400.
• Buess M, Rajski M, Vogel-Durrer BM, Herrmann R, Rochlitz C (October 2009). "Tumor-endothelial interaction links the CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype with poor prognosis in early-stage breast cancer". Neoplasia. 11 (10): 987–1002. doi:10.1593/neo.09670. PMC 2745665. PMID 19794958.
• Pruszak J, Ludwig W, Blak A, Alavian K, Isacson O (December 2009). "CD15, CD24, and CD29 define a surface biomarker code for neural lineage differentiation of stem cells". Stem Cells. 27 (12): 2928–40. doi:10.1002/stem.211. PMC 3322476. PMID 19725119.
• Liu Y, Chen GY, Zheng P (December 2009). "CD24-Siglec G/10 discriminates danger- from pathogen-associated molecular patterns". Trends in Immunology. 30 (12): 557–61. doi:10.1016/j.it.2009.09.006. PMC 2788100. PMID 19786366.
• Vesuna F, Lisok A, Kimble B, Raman V (December 2009). "Twist modulates breast cancer stem cells by transcriptional regulation of CD24 expression". Neoplasia. 11 (12): 1318–28. doi:10.1593/neo.91084. PMC 2794513. PMID 20019840.
• Sagiv E, Arber N (February 2008). "The novel oncogene CD24 and its arising role in the carcinogenesis of the GI tract: from research to therapy". Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2 (1): 125–33. doi:10.1586/17474124.2.1.125. PMID 19072375. S2CID 22336532.
• Bauerschmitz GJ, Ranki T, Kangasniemi L, Ribacka C, Eriksson M, Porten M, et al. (July 2008). "Tissue-specific promoters active in CD44+CD24-/low breast cancer cells". Cancer Research. 68 (14): 5533–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5288. PMID 18632604.
• Carl JW, Liu JQ, Joshi PS, El-Omrani HY, Yin L, Zheng X, et al. (July 2008). "Autoreactive T cells escape clonal deletion in the thymus by a CD24-dependent pathway". Journal of Immunology. 181 (1): 320–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.320. PMID 18566397. S2CID 10530971.
• Baumhoer D, Riener MO, Zlobec I, Tornillo L, Vogetseder A, Kristiansen G, et al. (February 2009). "Expression of CD24, P-cadherin and S100A4 in tumors of the ampulla of Vater". Modern Pathology. 22 (2): 306–13. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2008.192. PMID 19043399. S2CID 36610531.
• Wang W, Wang X, Peng L, Deng Q, Liang Y, Qing H, et al. (January 2010). "CD24-dependent MAPK pathway activation is required for colorectal cancer cell proliferation". Cancer Science. 101 (1): 112–9. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01370.x. PMC 11159715. PMID 19860845. S2CID 205235492.
• Sano A, Kato H, Sakurai S, Sakai M, Tanaka N, Inose T, et al. (February 2009). "CD24 expression is a novel prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Annals of Surgical Oncology. 16 (2): 506–14. doi:10.1245/s10434-008-0252-0. PMID 19050962. S2CID 30259987.
• Yang XR, Xu Y, Yu B, Zhou J, Li JC, Qiu SJ, et al. (September 2009). "CD24 is a novel predictor for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery". Clinical Cancer Research. 15 (17): 5518–27. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0151. PMID 19706825. S2CID 15611706.
• Lee JH, Kim SH, Lee ES, Kim YS (November 2009). "CD24 overexpression in cancer development and progression: a meta-analysis". Oncology Reports. 22 (5): 1149–56. doi:10.3892/or_00000548. PMID 19787233.
• Gekara NO, Weiss S (November 2004). "Lipid rafts clustering and signalling by listeriolysin O". Biochemical Society Transactions. 32 (Pt 5): 712–4. doi:10.1042/BST0320712. PMID 15493995.
• Athanassiadou P, Grapsa D, Gonidi M, Athanassiadou AM, Tsipis A, Patsouris E (2009). "CD24 expression has a prognostic impact in breast carcinoma". Pathology, Research and Practice. 205 (8): 524–33. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2009.01.008. PMID 19243896.
• Ronaghi M, Vallian S, Etemadifar M (December 2009). "CD24 gene polymorphism is associated with the disease progression and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population". Psychiatry Research. 170 (2–3): 271–2. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.01.002. PMID 19896210. S2CID 35984512.
• van de Peppel J, Schaaf G, Matos A, Guo Y, Strini T, Verschoor W, et al. (March 2021). "Cell Surface Glycoprotein CD24 Marks Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells with Reduced Proliferative and Differentiation Capacity In Vitro". Stem Cells & Development. 30 (6): 325–336. doi:10.1089/scd.2021.0027. PMC 7984936. PMID 33593128.

External links

• CD24+Antigen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Mouse CD Antigen Chart
• Human CD Antigen Chart
• www.copewithcytokines.de: description of CD24 expression
• CD24 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
• CD24 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.

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