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Henri Brisson

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19th/20th-century French politician
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Henri Brisson
Prime Minister of France
In office
28 June 1898 – 1 November 1898
PresidentFélix Faure
Preceded byJules Méline
Succeeded byCharles Dupuy
In office
6 April 1885 – 7 January 1886
PresidentJules Grévy
Preceded byJules Ferry
Succeeded byCharles de Freycinet
Personal details
Born31 July 1835
Bourges, Kingdom of France
Died14 April 1912(1912-04-14) (aged 76)
Paris, France
Political partyRadical

Eugène Henri Brisson (French: [ɑ̃ʁi bʁisɔ̃]; 31 July 1835 – 14 April 1912) was a French statesman, Prime Minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898.

Biography

He was born at Bourges (Cher), and followed his father's profession of advocate. Having made his mark in opposition during the last days of the empire, he was appointed deputy-mayor of Paris after the government was overthrown. He was elected to the Assembly on 8 February 1871, as a member of the extreme Left. While not approving of the Commune, he was the first to propose amnesty for the condemned (on 13 September 1871), but the proposal was voted down. He strongly supported compulsory primary education, and was firmly anti-clerical. He was president of the chamber from 1881 — replacing Léon Gambetta — to March 1885, when he became prime minister upon the resignation of Jules Ferry; but he resigned when, after the general elections of that year, he only just obtained a majority for the vote of credit for the Tonkin expedition.

He remained conspicuous as a public man, took a prominent part in exposing the Panama scandals, was a strong candidate for the presidency of France after the murder of President Carnot in 1894; however, he lost to Jean Casimir-Perier. Brisson was once again president of the chamber from December 1894 to 1898. Brisson stood once again as a candidate for the presidency of France in 1895, but lost once again to Félix Faure. Following the 1898 French legislative election, whilst the country was violently excited over the Dreyfus affair, the incumbent Premier, Jules Méline, lost the confidence of the Chamber of Deputies - subsequently allowing Brisson be re-appointed as Premier and form a new cabinet in June 1898. Brisson's firmness and honesty increased popular respect for him, but a chance vote on a matter of especial excitement overthrew his ministry in October. As a leader of the radicals he actively supported the ministries of Waldeck-Rousseau and Combes, especially concerning the laws on the religious orders and the separation of church and state. In May 1906, he was re-elected president of the chamber of deputies by 500 out of 581 votes.

Brisson's 1st Ministry, 6 April 1885 – 7 January 1886

Brisson early in his career.

Changes

  • 16 April 1885 – Sadi Carnot succeeds Clamageran as Minister of Finance. Charles Demôle succeeds Carnot as Minister of Public Works.
  • 9 November 1885 – Pierre Gomot succeeds Mangon as Minister of Agriculture. Lucien Dautresme succeeds Legrand as Minister of Commerce.

Brisson's Second Ministry, 28 June – 1 November 1898

Brisson by Guth, October 1898

Changes

  • 5 September 1898 – Émile Zurlinden succeeds Cavaignac as Minister of War
  • 17 September 1898 – Charles Chanoine succeeds Zurlinden as Minister of War. Jules Godin succeeds Tillaye as Minister of Public Works.
  • 25 October 1898 – Édouard Locroy succeeds Chanoine as interim Minister of War, remaining also Minister of Marine.

References

  1. "HENRI BRISSON IS DEAD.; President of French Deputies Had Been Long in Politics". The New York Times. 14 April 1912. p. 9. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  2. ^ Chisholm 1911.
  3. Passmore, Kevin (November 2012). "4 The Ralliement (1890–1898)". The Right in France from the Third Republic to Vichy (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford Academic. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199658206.003.0004. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  4. Gildea, Robert. Children of the Revolution: The French, 1799–1914. London: Penguin UK. p. 275.

Attribution:

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Political offices
Preceded byLéon Gambetta President of the Chamber of Deputies
1881–1885 		Succeeded byCharles Floquet
Preceded byFélix Martin-Feuillée Minister of Justice
1885 		Succeeded byCharles Demôle
Preceded byJules Ferry Prime Minister of France
1885–1886 		Succeeded byCharles de Freycinet
Preceded byAuguste Burdeau President of the Chamber of Deputies
1894–1898 		Succeeded byPaul Deschanel
Preceded byJules Méline Prime Minister of France
1898 		Succeeded byCharles Dupuy
Preceded byLouis Barthou Minister of the Interior
1898
Preceded byLéon Bourgeois President of the Chamber of Deputies
1904–1905 		Succeeded byPaul Doumer
Preceded byPaul Doumer President of the Chamber of Deputies
1906–1912 		Succeeded byPaul Deschanel
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