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High-pressure torsion (HPT) is a severe plastic deformation technique used to refine the microstructure of materials by applying both high pressure and torsional strain. HPT involves compressing a material between two anvils while simultaneously rotating one of the anvils, inducing shear deformation. HPT is widely used in materials science to create ultrafine-grained and nanostructured metallic and non-metallic materials, control phase transformations, synthesize new materials or investigate mechanisms underlying some natural phenomena. This process leads to significant grain refinement, resulting in materials with enhanced mechanical properties such as increased tensile strength and hardness. It was introduced in 1935 by P.W. Bridgman, who developed early methods to apply extreme strain under high pressures in material processing.
HPT also has applications in producing metals with enhanced superplasticity, improving the toughness of alloys, and creating materials with unique properties like high wear resistance. Researchers use HPT to study fundamental aspects of deformation and phase transition under extreme conditions. Additionally, HPT is being explored for potential applications in the energy field. Progress in HPT science and technology opens new possibilities in the development of advanced materials with superior properties.
References
Zhilyaev, A; Langdon, T (1 August 2008). "Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: Fundamentals and applications". Progress in Materials Science. 53 (6): 893–979. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.03.002.
