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Longnose sawshark
Pristiophorus cirratus, from the Sketchbook of fishes by William Buelow Gould, 1832
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Subclass:	Elasmobranchii
Order:	Pristiophoriformes
Family:	Pristiophoridae
Genus:	Pristiophorus
Species:	P. cirratus
Binomial name
Pristiophorus cirratus (Latham, 1794)
Range of longnose sawshark (in blue)

The longnose sawshark (Pristiophorus cirratus) or common sawshark, is a sawshark of the family Pristiophoridae.

Description

The longnose sawshark has a slender, slightly flattened body with a very long rostrum that can make up to 30% of its total body length. It has pale yellow or grayish-brown dorsal coloring, white ventral coloring, and variegated, sometimes faint dark blotches, spots, and bars on its back. The barbels of the longnose sawshark are halfway down the rostrum, but slightly closer to the rostral tip than the nostrils. Its maximum length is 1.37 m (4 ft 6 in). The longnose sawshark can be confused with one of many species of sawfish, a family of rays, but is distinguished by the five gills located on the sides of its head, as opposed to sawfish which have gills located on the underside of the head.

Distribution and habitat

The longnose sawshark is found in the eastern Indian Ocean around southern Australia and Tasmania on the continental shelf at depths of 20 - 600m. While it may venture into bays and estuaries on occasion, longnose sawsharks prefer sandy and gravelly areas offshore between 37–146 m (121–479 ft).

Biology and ecology

Longnose sawsharks feed primarily on small crustaceans. Individuals find prey by running their barbels over the ocean floor. They use the teeth on their snouts to stir up sediment and strike prey.

Like all sawsharks, reproduction is ovoviviparous. Longnose sawsharks give birth every other winter to between 6 and 19 pups in a litter. After a 12-month gestation period, pups are born 27–37 cm (11–15 in) in length. Their teeth are folded against the snout at birth, which protects the mother from harm. Longnose sawsharks are highly productive in comparison to other shark species, maturing quickly and only living for around 15 years.

Human interaction

The longnose sawshark is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It used to be listed as Near Threatened, but data gathered after 2000 ultimately led to the new classification. Longnose sawsharks are highly productive and are protected by laws that keep their catch rate stable. Large tracts of their range are protected from all shark fishing, helping to buffer their population loss. Their meat is fairly popular in Australia and is said to have an excellent taste. Because of its deep habitat and overall behavior, the longnose sawshark is not a threat to humans.

References

1. ^ Walker, T.I. (2020). "Pristiophorus cirratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39327A176975610. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39327A176975610.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
2. ^ Tricas, Timothy C.; Kevin Deacon; Peter Last; John E. McCosker; Terence I. Walker (1997). Taylor, Leighton (ed.). The Nature Company Guides: Sharks & Rays. Sydney: Time-Life Books. pp. 140. ISBN 0-7835-4940-7.
3. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pristiophorus cirratus". FishBase. May 2006 version.
4. Raoult, V.; Peddemors, V.; Rowling, K.; Williamson, J. E. (2020). "Spatiotemporal distributions of two sympatric sawsharks (Pristiophorus cirratus and P. Nudipinnis) in south-eastern Australian waters". Marine and Freshwater Research. 71 (10): 1342. doi:10.1071/MF19277. S2CID 216286223.
5. Compagno, Leonardo, Dando, Marc and Fowler, Sarah. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press. 2005. pg 132.
6. Raoult, Vincent; Gaston, Troy F.; Williamson, Jane E. (2015). "Not all sawsharks are equal: Species of co-existing sawsharks show plasticity in trophic consumption both within and between species". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 72 (11): 1769–1775. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2015-0307. hdl:1807/69872.
7. ^ "Marine Species Identification Portal : Longnose sawshark - Pristiophorus cirratus".

External links

• [REDACTED] Media related to Pristiophorus cirratus at Wikimedia Commons
• [REDACTED] Data related to Pristiophorus cirratus at Wikispecies

• Pristiophorus cirratus at shark-references.com
• Fishes of Australia : Pristiophorus cirratus

• IUCN Red List least concern species
• Pristiophorus
• Marine fish of Southern Australia
• Fish described in 1794
• Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)