Ma'sub inscription - Misplaced Pages

3rd-century BC Phoenician inscription

Masub inscription
The inscription at the Louvre
Created	221 BC in Umm al-Amad, Ptolemaic Kingdom
Discovered	1887 Northern Israel
Present location	The Louvre
Language	Phoenician

The Ma'sub inscription is a Phoenician-language inscription found at Khirbet Ma'sub (French: Masoub) near Al-Bassa. The inscription is from 222/21 BC. Written in Phoenician script, it is also known as KAI 19.

Provenance

It is considered by the Louvre to originate from Umm al-Amad, Lebanon, around 6-7 km to the northwest of Kh. Ma'sub, on the basis of the reference to an Astarte temple in the inscription; such a temple has been excavated at the Lebanese site. This theory is contra the original provenance statement by Clermont-Ganneau and has also been recently contested by Friedman and Ecker, who see no reason to construe a new provenance and suggest that a second Astarte temple, a twin to the northern one from Umm al-Amad, was built at the southern entrance to the Ladder of Tyre pass, i.e. at or near Ma'sub, thus creating a ritual "bracket" for the pass. In Dunand and Duru's catalogue of Umm al-Amad inscriptions, it is number iv.

Inscription

The inscription is given as:

(1)

‘RPT

KBRT

MṢ’

ŠMŠ

WṢ

‘RPT KBRT MṢ’ ŠMŠ WṢ

The great colonnade of (the side of) the sunrise, and its nor-

(2)

PLY

’Š

H’LM

ML’K

MLK

PLY ’Š BN H’LM ML’K MLK

-th (side), which the ʾElim (gods), the envoys of (the divine couple) Milk-

(3)

‘ŠTRT

W‘BDY

B‘L

ḤMN

‘ŠTRT W‘BDY B‘L ḤMN

ʿAshtart and the servants of Baʿal Ḥammon (dedicated)

(4)

L‘ŠTRT

B’ŠRT

’L

ḤMN

L‘ŠTRT B’ŠRT ’L ḤMN

to ʿAshtart, in the holy courtyard of the god Ḥammon

(5)

BŠT

LPTLMYS

’DN

BŠT 20 3 3 LPTLMYS ’DN

in the 26th year of Ptolemy, lord

(6)

MLKM

H’DR

P‘L

N‘M

MLKM H’DR P‘L N‘M BN PT

of kings, (the) noble, (the) beneficent, son of Pto-

(7)

LMYS

W’RSN’S

’LN

’

LMYS W’RSN’S ’LN ’

-lemy and Arsinoë, the divine A-

(8)

ŠLŠ

ḤMŠM

ŠT

L‘M

YM ŠLŠ ḤMŠM ŠT L‘M

-phoi (literally "the gods-brothers"), (in the) three-(and)-fiftieth year of the people of [Tyre],

(9)

KM’Š

’YT

’ḤRY

KM’Š BN ’YT KL ’ḤRY

as also they built all of the other tem-

(10)

’Š

B’RṢ

LKN

M ’Š B’RṢ LKN LM L

-ples which are in the land, to be to them for

(11)

‘LM

eternity.

Notes

^ Slouschz, Nahoum (1942). Thesaurus of Phoenician Inscriptions (in Hebrew). Dvir. p. 44.
^ Friedman, Reuven; Ecker, Avner (2019). "Provenance and Political Borders: A Phoenician Inscription of the Hellenistic Period 'Strays' Across Modern Borders". Israel Exploration Journal. 69 (1): 60–72. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
stèle, Louvre website (in French). Accessed 28 March 2024.
C. Clermont-Ganneau (1887)."Deux inscriptions phéniciennes inédites de la Phénicie propre", Paris: E. Leroux.
TSSI, III, inscription 31
Dunand, M.; Duru, R. (1962). Oumm el-'Amed: une ville de l'époque hellénistique aux échelles de Tyr [Umm el-'Amed: A Hellenistic-period City from the Ladder of Tyrus] (in French). Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
George Albert Cooke, A Text-book of North-Semitic Inscriptions: Moabite, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Jewish, 1903, no.10
Slouschz, Nahoum (1942). Thesaurus of Phoenician Inscriptions (in Hebrew). Dvir. pp. 44–45.

References

Louvre Museum

Building
Louvre Colonnade Lescot Wing Pavillon de Flore Pavillon de l'Horloge Louvre Pyramid Pyramide inversée Cour Carrée Medieval Louvre

Antiquities

Near East and Middle East	ʿAin Ghazal statue Amarna letter EA 362 Amarna letter EA 364 Amarna letter EA 365 Amarna letter EA 367 Assyrian lion weights Baal with Thunderbolt Bushel with ibex motifs Cippi of Melqart Code of Hammurabi Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II Gudea cylinders Hurrian foundation pegs Investiture of Zimri-Lim Lament for Ur Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone Neirab steles Osorkon Bust Phoenician metal bowls Quintus Marcius trilingual inscription Sidon Mithraeum Statue of Iddi-Ilum Statue of Ebih-Il Stele of the Vultures Stele of Zakkur Tayma stones Tiara of Saitaferne Vase of Entemena Victory Stele of Naram-Sin Worshipper of Larsa Yehawmilk Stele Ziwiye hoard
Ancient Egypt	Gebel el-Arak Knife The Seated Scribe Banishment Stela Bentresh stela Bronze Sphinx of Thutmose III Cosmetic Spoon: Young Girl Swimming Dendera zodiac Great Sphinx of Tanis Khonsuemheb and the Ghost Raherka and Meresankh Stela of Pasenhor Tomb of Akhethetep Bull Palette Hunters Palette Statue of Karomama
Greece and Rome, Etruscan	Albani lion Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus Antinous Mondragone Antioch mosaics Apollo Belvedere Apollo of Mantua Apollo of Piombino Apollo Sauroktonos Ares Borghese Athena of Velletri Barberini ivory Borghese Collection Borghese Gladiator Borghese Vase Borghese Venus Boscoreale Treasure Cupid and Psyche Diana of Gabii Diana of Versailles Dinos of the Gorgon Painter Dying Gaul Eurytios Krater Furietti Centaurs Gladiator Mosaic Hera Borghese Hercules and the lion of Nemea Judgement of Paris (mosaic) Lady of Auxerre Las Incantadas Marcellus as Hermes Logios Nazareth Inscription Rampin Rider Sarcophagus of the Spouses Sleeping Ariadne Sleeping Hermaphroditus Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus The Exaltation of the Flower Venus and Mars Venus de Milo Venus Genetrix Venus of Arles Winged Lion of Vulci Winged Victory of Samothrace
Byzantine	Harbaville Triptych Lampsacus Treasure

Paintings

French	Anonymous: Diana the Huntress; Gabrielle d'Estrées et une de ses sœurs Boilly: Artists in Isabey's Studio Boucher: The Brunette Odalisque; Diana Bathing; Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas Champaigne Ex-Voto de 1662; Louis XIII Crowned by Victory Chardin: The Attributes of Civilian and Military Music; The Attributes of Music, the Arts and the Sciences; Boy with a Spinning-Top; The Buffet; The Ray; Saying Grace Chassériau: Aline Chassériau; Self-Portrait; The Toilette of Esther; The Two Sisters Claude: Village Fête Corot: The Bridge at Narni David: Andromache Mourning Hector; The Coronation of Napoleon; The Intervention of the Sabine Women; Leonidas at Thermopylae; The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons; The Loves of Paris and Helen; Minerva Fighting Mars; Oath of the Horatii; Portrait of Madame Marie-Louise Trudaine; Portrait of Madame Récamier; Portrait of Pope Pius VII; Self-Portrait Delacroix: The Barque of Dante; The Bride of Abydos; The Death of Sardanapalus; Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople; Liberty Leading the People; Lion Devouring a Rabbit; Mademoiselle Rose; The Massacre at Chios; The Murder of the Bishop of Liège; Orphan Girl at the Cemetery; Portrait of Frédéric Chopin; The Picador; Women of Algiers; A Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother Delaroche: Bonaparte Crossing the Alps; The Children of Edward; The Young Martyr Flandrin: Study (Young Male Nude Seated Beside the Sea) Fragonard: Adoration of the Shepherds; Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe; The Bolt Géricault: The 1821 Derby at Epsom; The Charging Chasseur; The Raft of the Medusa; The Woman with a Gambling Mania; The Wounded Cuirassier Girodet: The Burial of Atala; Pygmalion and Galatea; Scene from a Deluge Greuze: The Bible Reading; The Broken Vessel; The Father's Curse; The Village Bride Gros: Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole; Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa; Equestrian Portrait of Joachim Murat, King of Naples; Napoléon on the Battlefield of Eylau Guérin: Jeune fille en buste Huet: The Flood of Saint-Cloud; Normandy Thatched Cottage, Old Trouville Ingres: The Apotheosis of Homer; Don Pedro of Toledo Kissing Henry IV's Sword; Grande Odalisque; Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII; Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière; Oedipus and the Sphinx; Portrait of Madame Marcotte de Sainte-Marie; Portrait of Monsieur Bertin; Roger Freeing Angelica; The Turkish Bath; The Valpinçon Bather La Tour: The Adoration of the Shepherds; The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds; Joseph the Carpenter; Magdalene with the Smoking Flame; Saint Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene Philippe de Champaigne: Ex-Voto de 1662 Poussin: Camillus Handing the Falerian Schoolmaster over to his Pupils; Et in Arcadia ego; The Four Seasons; The Funeral of Phocion; The Inspiration of the Poet; Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice Quarton: Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon Robert: Principal Monuments of France; Project for the Transformation of the Grande Galerie du Louvre Scheffer: Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil Vernet: A Mediterranean Port Vigée Le Brun: Peace Bringing Back Abundance; Self-Portrait with Julie (Self-Portrait à la Grecque); Self-Portrait with Julie (Maternal Tenderness) Vouet: Allegory of Wealth; Hesselin Madonna Watteau: The Embarkation for Cythera; The Faux Pas; L'Indifférent; Jupiter and Antiope; Pierrot; The Two Cousins
Italian	Fra Angelico: Coronation of the Virgin Antonello da Messina: Christ at the Column Arcimboldo: The Four Seasons Bellini: Christ Blessing; Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Sebastian; Portrait of a Young Man Botticelli: Three Scenes from the Life of Esther; Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman; A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts Caravaggio: Death of the Virgin; The Fortune Teller; Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page Carpaccio: The Sermon of St. Stephen Carracci: Fishing; Hunting Cimabue: Maestà Correggio: Allegory of Vice; Allegory of Virtue; Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine; Venus and Cupid with a Satyr Costa: Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation; Reign of Comus Ghirlandaio: An Old Man and his Grandson; Visitation Giordano: Adoration of the Shepherds; Marriage of the Virgin Giotto: Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata Guardi: The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena Leonardo: Bacchus; La belle ferronnière; Mona Lisa; Saint John the Baptist; The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne; Virgin of the Rocks Lippi: Barbadori Altarpiece; The Healing of Justinian the Canon; Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata Lotto: Christ Carrying the Cross; Holy Family with the Family of St John the Baptist; Saint Jerome in Penitence Mantegna: Crucifixion; Judgement of Solomon; Madonna della Vittoria; Parnassus; Saint Sebastian; Triumph of the Virtues Martini: The Carrying of the Cross Moretto: Saints Bonaventure and Anthony of Padua; Saints Bernardino of Siena and Louis of Toulouse Palmezzano: Dead Christ Panini: Ancient Rome Parmigianino: Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine Perugino: Apollo and Daphnis; The Battle Between Love and Chastity; Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria; Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine (with Ingegno); St Sebastian; Young Saint with a Sword Piero della Francesca: Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta Pisanello: Portrait of a Princess Pittoni: The Continence of Scipio; Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter Raphael: Angel Holding a Phylactery; La belle jardinière; Holy Family of Francis I; Madonna with the Blue Diadem (with Penni); Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione; Saint George; Saint Michael; Saint Michael Vanquishing Satan; Self-Portrait with a Friend; Small Holy Family Reni: The Abduction of Helen; Annunciation Romano: Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola (with Raphael) Salviati: The Incredulity of Saint Thomas Savoldo: Portrait of a Clad Warrior Signorelli: Adoration of the Magi; Birth of John the Baptist Tintoretto: Self Portrait Titian: Allegory of Marriage; The Crowning with Thorns; The Entombment of Christ; Madonna of the Rabbit; Man with a Glove; Pardo Venus; Pastoral Concert (also attributed to Giorgione); Pilgrims at Emmaus; Saint Jerome in Penitence; Virgin and Child with Saints Stephen, Jerome and Maurice; Woman with a Mirror Tura: Pietà with Saints Uccello: The Battle of San Romano Veronese: The Wedding at Cana
Northern	Bosch: Ship of Fools Bruegel: The Beggars Christus: Lamentation (Pietà) David: Cervara Altarpiece; Triptych of the Sedano family Dürer: Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle van Dyck: Charles I at the Hunt; Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene; Madonna and Child with Two Donors van Eyck: Madonna of Chancellor Rolin Friedrich: The Tree of Crows; Seaside by Moonlight Hals: Catharina Both-van der Eem; The Gypsy Girl; The Lute Player Holbein: Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam; Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer de Hooch: Card Players in a Rich Interior Jordaens: The Four Evangelists Matsys: The Money Changer and His Wife Memling: Diptych of an elderly couple Metsu: The Vegetable Market in Amsterdam van Ostade: The Fish Market Rembrandt: The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family; Bathsheba at Her Bath; Landscape with a Castle; Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit; Philosopher in Meditation; Saint Matthew and the Angel; Self-Portrait; Slaughtered Ox Rubens: Helena Fourment with a Carriage; Helena Fourment with Children; Hercules and Omphale; Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce; Marie de' Medici cycle; The Village Fête; The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents Ruisdael: Dune Landscape near Haarlem; The Ray of Light; Storm Off a Sea Coast Scheffer: Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil Vermeer: The Astronomer; The Lacemaker van der Weyden: Annunciation Triptych; Braque Triptych Wtewael: Perseus Freeing Andromeda
Spanish	El Greco: Christ on the Cross Adored by Two Donors; Portrait of Antonio de Covarrubias; Saint Louis Goya: Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet; Portrait of the Marquise de la Solana; Still Life of a Lamb's Head and Flanks Murillo: The Birth of the Virgin; The Young Beggar Ribera: The Clubfoot Zurbarán: Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure; Saint Apollonia
English	Bonington: Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes Lewis: Street Scene near the El Ghouri Mosque in Cairo
American	Leutze: Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca

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