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Marie Tůmová

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Czech women's suffragist and teacher (1866–1925)
Marie Tůmová
Born(1866-06-12)12 June 1866
Prague, Austrian Empire
Died1 May 1925(1925-05-01) (aged 58)
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Occupation(s)teacher, women's suffragist, politician

Marie Tůmová (12 June 1866 – 1 May 1925) was a Czech women's suffragist and a teacher. In 1908, using a legal loophole, Tůmová was among the first three women to unsuccessfully run to be elected to the Bohemian Diet.

Career

Teaching

Marie Tůmová worked as a teacher and, during World War I, became the principal of a municipal girls' school in Žižkov – a first woman to helm a municipal school in Bohemia. In 1919–1925, she worked on behalf of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Education in Carpathian Ruthenia and Slovakia, but malnutrition and bad living conditions led to a fatal illness.

Tůmová (standing, third from left) at the Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in Budapest, 1913

Activism

Tůmová advocated for women's rights and was a member of Czech women's and teachers' associations, such as Women's National Council She was friends with a fellow teacher and suffragist Františka Plamínková, with whom she worked in the Committee for Women's Suffrage. Tůmová represented the committee abroad, traveling to Stockholm, Rome, Bucharest, Budapest and London.

In 1908, using a legal loophole, the Committee for Women's Suffrage nominated Tůmová in the elections for the Bohemian assembly. Thus, together with Karla Máchová and Božena Zelinková, Tůmová was among the first three women to run for the Bohemian Diet. She ran in the Vysoké Mýto-Skuteč-Hlinsko voting district and received around 200 votes. None of the women candidates secured a seat in the assembly, but the general public was shocked by how many votes had been cast in their favour. The committee ran Tůmová for the next elections as well, but with similar results. Eventually, it was Božena Viková-Kunětická who became the first woman elected to the Bohemian Diet.

Personal life

Marie Tůmová was born in Prague in 1866. Her parents were the journalist, writer and politician Karel Tůma and Marie Čelakovská, whose father was the poet František Čelakovský.

References

  1. ^ "Marie Tůmová - první ředitelka dívčí měšťanské školy bojující za volební právo žen". Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy (in Czech). Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  2. ^ Feinberg, Melissa (2006). "Masaryk, Feminism, and Democracy in the Czech Lands". Elusive Equality: Gender, Citizenship, and the Limits of Democracy in Czechoslovakia, 1918-1950. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-8229-7103-0.
  3. ^ Boumová, Petra. "Jak získaly české ženy volební právo II. : Fórum 50 %". padesatprocent.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  4. Kočišková, Jana (2022-04-01). Ženy v politice: Role a postavení vrcholných političek v Československu 1948–1968 (in Czech). Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-80-246-5162-0.
  5. "TŮMOVÁ Marie 0.0.1866-1.5.1925". Biografický slovník českých zemí. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  6. Tůmová, Marie (Maria Antonie) (in German). 2003. ISBN 978-3-7001-3213-4. Retrieved 2023-01-06. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
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