| Pohnpeic | |
|---|---|
| Ponapeic | |
| Geographic distribution | Micronesia |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | pona1248 |
 Map of the Micronesian languages; Pohnpeic languages are shaded in pink, while the Chuukic languages are red. | |
Pohnpeic, also rendered Ponapeic, is a subgroup of the Chuukic–Pohnpeic branch of Micronesian in the Austronesian language family. The languages are primarily spoken in Pohnpei State of the Federated States of Micronesia.
Languages
Innovations
Pohnpeic languages are distinct from the closely related Chuukic languages as a result of uniquely developed innovations. One such innovation is nasal substitution, where the first element in a consonant geminate becomes a homorganic nasal consonant. An example of this change is seen where Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic */kkaŋ/ 'sharp' became Mokilese /iŋkɔŋ/, whereas in Chuukese it is /kken/.
Phonology
| Proto-Oceanic | *p | *t | *k | *s, *nj | *ns, *j | *j | *mp | *mp, *ŋp | *nt, *nd | *ŋk | *m | *m, *ŋm | *n | *ɲ | *ŋ | *w | *y | *d,R | *l | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Micronesian | *f | *t | *k | *T | *s | *S | *Z | *p | *pʷ | *c | *x | *m | *mʷ | *n | *ɲ | *ŋ | *w | *y | *r | *l |
| Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic | *f | *t | *k | *j | *t | *t | *∅ | *p | *pʷ | *c | *∅,r | *m | *mʷ | *n | *ɲ | *ŋ | *w | *y | *r | *l |
| Proto-Pohnpeic | *p, ∅ | *j,∅{_i,u,e} | *k | *j | *t̻ | *t̻ | *∅ | *p | *pʷ | *c | *∅,r | *m | *mʷ | *n | *∅,n{high V_} | *ŋ | *w | *y | *r | *l |
In the Pohnpeic languages, geminate obstruents are realized as homorganic nasal-obstruent clusters.
Often before /i/.
Before /a/.
The reflex is *∅ sporadically before PMc *e.
Reconstructed vocabulary
| Proto-Pohnpeic | English Gloss | Modern Language Reflexes |
|---|---|---|
| *cana-k,cana-ko | be hung up, to hang up | PON tɛnɛ-k, MOK sɔnɔ |
| *palia | day after tomorrow | PON pali, MOK pali |
| *payipayi | sea urchin | PON pɛypɛy, MOK pɔypɔy |
| *wara | neck | PON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck', MOK wɔr |
References
- Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366.
- "Ngatikese". Retrieved 2015-02-11.
- Blevins, Juliette; Garrett, Andrew (1993). "The Evolution of Ponapeic Nasal Substitution". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (2): 199–236. doi:10.2307/3623193. JSTOR 3623193.
- Blevins, Juliette; Garrett, Andrew (1993). "The Evolution of Ponapeic Nasal Substitution". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (2): 206. doi:10.2307/3623193. JSTOR 3623193.
- Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics. 42 (1): 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449. JSTOR 3623449.
- Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2". Oceanic Linguistics. 42 (2): 282. doi:10.1353/ol.2003.0014.
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