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Princess Maria Karoline
Born	(1899-01-10)10 January 1899 Pula, Austria-Hungary
Died	6 June 1941(1941-06-06) (aged 42) Hartheim killing centre, Alkoven, Reichsgau Oberdonau
Burial	St Augustin's Church, Coburg
Names German: Maria Karoline Philomena Ignatia Pauline Josepha Michaela Gabriela Raphaela Gonzaga
House	Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry
Father	Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Mother	Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria

Princess Maria Karoline of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German: Maria Karoline Philomena Ignatia Pauline Josepha Michaela Gabriela Raphaela Gonzaga Prinzessin von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha; 10 January 1899 – 6 June 1941) was a German princess from the Brazilian branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry. She was killed at the Hartheim killing centre as part of the Nazi Aktion T4 program.

Early life and family

Princess Maria Karoline born on 10 January 1899 in Pula, Austria-Hungary (modern day Croatia), a popular vacation site for the Austro-Hungarian imperial and royal family. She was the second daughter of Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria. She was a great-granddaughter of Pedro II of Brazil and a fourth cousin of George VI of the United Kingdom. Her family formed what was known as the Brazilian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry.

After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian and German Empires, the family was able to retain some of their wealth thanks to the Koháry estates. They resided throughout Hungary and in Schladming, Austria.

Hartheim

Maria Karoline had learning difficulties. In 1938, her family placed her in a religious institution. In 1941, she was forcibly removed from the institution by the Nazis and taken to the killing centre at Hartheim Castle where she was killed as part of the Aktion T4 program.

There are questions about whether her relatives, including her brother Prince Rainer of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and head of the family, Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, did anything to protect her.

Her ashes were returned to her family and interred in the crypt of St Augustine's Church in Coburg.

References

1. Defrance and van Loon p. 5
2. Rushton p. 115
3. Defrance and van Loon p. 4
4. Defrance and van Loon p. 7
5. Rushton p. 114
6. Defrance and van Loon p. 5
7. Rushton p. 115
8. Rushton p. 112-115
9. Sandner, Harald (2001). Das Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha 1826 bis 2001. Eine Dokumentation zum 175-jährigen Jubiläum des Stammhauses in Wort und Bild. Coburg: Verlagsanstalt Neue Presse. pp. 317–320. ISBN 3-00-008525-4.

Bibliography

• Alan R. Rushton Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg : The German Red Cross and the Plan to Kill “Unfit” Citizens 1933-1945, Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018, 225 p. (ISBN 978-1-5275-1340-2).
• Olivier Defrance and Joseph van Loon, The Last Kohary - The life of Philipp Josias of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Royalty Digest Quarterly, no 4, 2017, p. 1-12 (ISSN 1653-5219)

• 1899 births
• 1941 deaths
• Aktion T4 victims
• People killed by gas chamber by Nazi Germany
• Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry
• People with intellectual disability
• German royalty and nobility with disabilities
• German Roman Catholics