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Ajaw of Tikal
Emblem glyph of Tikal
Sihyaj Chan K'awiil II on frontispiece of Stela 31 of Tikal / 2010 photograph by HJPD / via Commons
Details
Style	ajaw k'uhul ajaw kaloomte'  ochk'in kaloomte'
First monarch	Yax Ehb Xook
Last monarch	Jasaw Chan K'awiil II / last known
Formation	c. AD 90
Abolition	c. 869
Residence	Tikal

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This is a list of rulers of Tikal, a major city-state of the Maya Lowlands during the Classic period. Tikal is known to have had at least 33 rulers from the 1st through 9th centuries AD. Twenty-seven of these have been identified, as of 2008.

Background

The monarchy of Tikal is the oldest yet known in the Maya Lowlands, having been founded at the turn of the 1st century AD. The dynasty is last attested in the late 9th century, after a span of some 800 years and at least 33 rulers. Thorough excavations, first begun by the University of Pennsylvania, and later by the Guatemalan Institute of Archaeology, have uncovered troves of epigraphic data which Mayanists have employed to reconstruct Tikal's dynastic lineage. As of 2008, 27 rulers have been identified, including at least one woman.

List

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The following is an annotated, chronological list of known lords of Tikal. A tabular list is provided in the following section.

Late Preclassic

• Yax Ehb Xook – r. c. AD 60 or c. AD 90; dynastic founder.
• Siyaj Chan Kʼawil Chak Ichʼaak ("Stormy Sky I") – r. c. 2nd century.
• Yax Ch’aktel Xok – r. c. 200.

Early Classic

• Balam Ajaw ("Decorated Jaguar") – r. 292.
• Kʼinich Ehbʼ – r. c. 300.
• Siyaj Chan Kʼawiil I - r. c. 307.
• Unen Bahlam ("Queen Jaguar") – r. 317.
• "Leyden Plate Ruler" – r. 320.
• Kʼinich Muwaan Jol – r. c. 359.
• Chak Tok Ichʼaak I ("Jaguar Paw I") – r. c. 360–378; died on the same day that Siyaj Kʼakʼ arrived in Tikal.
• Yax Nuun Ahiin I – r. 379–404; son of a foreign noble.
• Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil II ("Stormy Sky II") – r. 411–456; son of Yax Nuun Ayiin I.
• Kʼan Chitam ("Kan Boar") – r. 458–486.
• Maʼkin-na Chan – r. c. late 5th century.
• Chak Tok Ichʼaak II ("Jaguar Paw Skull") – r. 486–508; married "Lady Hand."
• Ix Kaloʼmteʼ Ix Yo Kʼin ("Lady of Tikal") – r. 511–527; co-ruled with Kaloomteʼ Bʼalam, possibly as consort.
• Kaloomteʼ Bʼalam ("Curl-Head," "19th Lord") – r. 511–527; co-ruled with Ix Kaloʼmteʼ Ix Yo Kʼin as regent.
• "Bird Claw" ("Animal Skull I," "Ete I") – r. c. 527–537.
• Wak Chan Kʼawiil ("Double-Bird") – r. 537–562; captured and possibly sacrificed in Caracol.
• "Lizard Head II" – r. unknown; lost a battle to Caracol in 562.

Late Classic

• Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I ("Ruler A," "Ah Cacao") – r. 682–734; entombed in Temple I; married Lady Lahan Unen Moʼ; won a battle against Calakmul in 711.
• Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil ("Ruler B") – r. 734–766; tomb unknown.
• "Temple VI Ruler" – r. 766–768.
• Yax Nuun Ayiin II ("Chitam") – r. 768–790.
• Chitam II ("Dark Sun") – r. c. 810; buried in Temple III.
• "Jewel Kʼawil" – r. 849.
• Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil II – r. 869–889

Table

See also

• Maya monarchs, listing known rulers of various Classic and Postclassic Maya states
• Lists of ancient kings, listing lists of known rulers of various ancient Old and New World states

Notes and references

Explanatory footnotes

1. Dates sourced from Martin & Grube 2008 are in the Julian calendar, converted from the Maya Long Count via the GMT+2 correlation (Martin & Grube 2008, p. 13).
2. English language names are provisional nicknames based on rulers' identifying glyphs, where their Maya language names have not yet been definitively deciphered phonetically.

Short citations

1. Martin & Grube 2008, pp. 17, 25–26.
2. ^ Martin & Grube 2008, p. 25.
3. Martin & Grube 2008, pp. 24–53.

Full citations

1. FAMSI (2012) . "Maya Royal Dynasties" (PDF). FAMSI (Guide) (Revised by Inga E Calvin ed.). Los Angeles, California: Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 June 2023.
2. Martin S, Grube N (2008) . Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya (2nd ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-28726-2. LCCN 2008396649.
3. Sharer RJ, Traxler LP (2006) . The Ancient Maya (6th ed.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4816-0. LCCN 2005003043.

External links

v t e Tikal
Rulers	Yax Ehb Xook Foliated Jaguar Animal Headdress Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil I Unen Bahlam Kʼinich Muwaan Jol Chak Tok Ichʼaak I Yax Nuun Ahiin I Sihyaj Chan Kʼawiil II Kʼan Chitam Chak Tok Ichʼaak II Lady of Tikal Kaloomteʼ Bahlam Bird Claw Wak Chan Kʼawiil Animal Skull 23rd Ruler 24th Ruler Nuun Ujol Chaak Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil 28th Ruler Yax Nuun Ahiin II Nuun Ujol Kʼinich Dark Sun Jewel Kʼawiil Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil II
Pyramids	Temple I Temple II Temple III Temple IV Temple V Temple VI Temple 33
Architectural Groups	Central Acropolis Mundo Perdido North Acropolis Plaza of the Seven Temples Twin-pyramid complex
See also: Maya city

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Kings	Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil Haʼ Kʼin Xook Itzam Kʼan Ahk II Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal Kʼinich Yat Ahk II Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil Yoʼnal Ahk III Yuknoom Chʼeen II Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ
Queens	Lady Eveningstar Lady of Itzan Lady of Tikal Lady Xoc Sak Kʼukʼ Wak Chanil Ajaw Yohl Ikʼnal

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Honduras	Copán El Puente
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El Salvador	Cara Sucia Casa Blanca Cihuatán Joya de Cerén San Andrés Tazumal
See also: Pre-Columbian era

• Monarchs of Tikal
• Tikal
• 3rd century in the Maya civilization
• 4th century in the Maya civilization
• 5th century in the Maya civilization
• 6th century in the Maya civilization
• 7th century in the Maya civilization
• 8th century in the Maya civilization
• 9th century in the Maya civilization
• 3rd-century monarchs in North America
• 4th-century monarchs in North America
• 5th-century monarchs in North America
• 6th-century monarchs in North America
• 7th-century monarchs in North America
• 8th-century monarchs in North America
• 9th-century monarchs in North America