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West Kilimanjaro language

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(Redirected from Rwa language) Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people
West Kilimanjaro
West Chaga
Native toTanzania
RegionMachame, Kilimanjaro Region
EthnicityChaga
Language familyNiger–Congo?
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
jmc – Machame
rwk – Rwa
Glottologwest2852
Guthrie codeE.621 (ex-E.61,62a)

West Kilimanjaro, or West Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people.

There are several dialects:

  • Rwa (Rwo, Meru, Kirwo), or Meru, from Mount Meru
  • Mashami (Kimashame), or "Hai" (Kihai)
  • Siha
  • Kiwoso (Kibosho including Kindi, Kombo, Mweka)
  • Masama
  • Ng’uni

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Low a aː

Consonants

Consonants in the Mashame dialect
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d (ɟ)
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ (h)
voiced β ɣ
Rhotic r
Lateral glide l
fricative ɮ
Approximant w j
  • /ɣ/ may also be heard as uvular in free variation.
  • /β/ can also be realized as or among some speakers.
  • is found in loanwords.
  • /h/ only rarely occurs.

References

  1. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  2. ^ Rugemalira, Josephat Muhozi (2008). Kimashami: Kamusi ya Kimashami-Kiingereza-Kiswahili. Dar es Salaam: Dept. of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, University of Dar es Salaam.
  3. ^ Rugemalira, Josephat M.; Phanuel, Benedictor (2012). A grammatical sketch of Kimashami. University of Dar es Salaam.
Languages of Tanzania
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